Botany

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M. M.

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Über diese Lernkartei

This flashcard set delves into advanced botany topics, covering plant structures like roots, leaves, and cells, along with their functions and examples. It explores processes such as photosynthesis, water transport, and seed dispersal, highlighting key components like stomata, membranes, and tissues. The flashcards are tailored for university-level students, providing detailed insights into plant biology, making it invaluable for those studying botany or related fields.

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143

Lernende

Sprache

Englisch

Kategorie

Biologie

Stufe

Universität

Erstellt / Aktualisiert

27.01.2022 / 13.12.2022

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What is Cytology?

study of cells

study of size, shape and structure of plants

study of tissue

study of organs

Who was the first Person who describes cells?

Gregor Mendel

Carl Linnaeus

Robert Hooke

Charles Darwin

Which of the four is a saccharide?

thymine

glucose

histidine

lipids

How big is a parenchyma cell?

40-200µm

10µm

0,1nm

2mm

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

saturated: only single bonds, unsaturated: single and double bonds

saturated: single and double bonds, unsaturated: only single bonds

saturated: only single bonds, unsaturated: only double bonds

saturated: only double bonds, unsaturared: only single bonds

How do the head and tail of phospholipids behave?

head: hydrophobic/lipophilic, tail: hydrophilic, lipophobic

head and tail are hydrophilic/lipophobic

head and tail are hydrophobic/lipophilic

head: hydrophilic/lipophobic, tail: hydrophobic/lipophilic

What is the Plasmalemma ?

membrane around the vacuole

the cell wall

the plasmamembrane

the vacuole

What is "transcription"?

the information is copied from DNA into RNA

the genetic code is translated into the amino acid sequences of proteins

the information is copied from RNA into DNA

a synonym for translation

What is TRUE for chloroplasts?

colourless

coloured by carotenoids

function: photosynthesis

function: starch storage

What is not true for the light depend reaction?

2 consecutive photosystems are needed

takes places on the thylakoid membranes

produces NADPH

NADP acts as an electron donor

What are oligosaccharides are made of?

3-10 monosaccharides

2 monosaccharides

1 monosaccharides

>10 monosaccharides

Complete the chemical reaction of photosynthesis.

6 CO2 + 6 H2O -> C6H12O6+ x O2

What is the main function of akkrusts?

resistance against microorganisms

lignification

avoid unnecessary water loss

defence

What is NOT true for cellulose?

nearly cristalline structure

composed of glucose

most common organic molecule on earth

easily degradable

Which of the following substances is embedded in between cellulose fibres?

chlorophyll

none of the stated substances

lignin

wax

What is NOT true for the primary cell wall?

poor in pectine

thin

elastic

loose texture

Sklerenchyma is characterized by …

living cells

thickened cell walls

low strength

thin cell walls

What characterizes Tracheids?

elongated single cells

alive

thin-walled

>0,5mm long

What is the function of the apical meristem?

protection

propagation

growth in length

growth in width

How is water mainly transported?

in intercellulars

in both Xylem and Phloem

in the Xylem

in the Phloem

What distiguishes angiosperm wood from conifer wood?

angiosperm wood is composed of >90% tracheids

angiosperm wood has a homogeneous structure

there are no tracheids in angiosperm wood

angiosperm wood has a more complex structure

What emerges first from the embryo during germination?

the leaf

the root

the apical meristem of the shoot

the shoot

the tuber

What is secondary Xylem called?

living bark

dead bark

wood

cambium

What is the main function of stinging hairs?

seed dispersal

protection against solar radiation

protection against water loss

defence against larger animals

What distinguishes allorhizy from homorhizy?

seedling root dies

seedling root is replaced by adventitious roots

seedling root remains as the primary root

seedling root remains while seperate primary root is formed

Where does cambium form?

inbetween Phloem and Xylem

inside the Xylem

outside of the Phloem

inside the Phloem

What is an internode?

point where a leaf is attached to the stem

shoot between the nodes

a side shoot

a bud

What characterizes winders and distinguishes them from tendrils?

main shoot is shortened

side shoot is shortened

main shoot is used for climbing

side shoot is lengthened

What are the leaves called, that emerge first from the seed?

cataphylls

flower leaves

cotyledons

bracts

What is the following arrangement called?

unifacial

inverse bifacial, epistomatic

bifacial, hypostomatic

equifacial

What characterizes shade leaves?

more chlorophyll

single palisade parenchyma layer

higher stomatal density

smaller and thicker

What characterizes a whorled lead arrangement?

two leaves per node opposing each other

three or more leaves per node

only one leaf per node - alternating directions

only one leaf per node - always in the same direction

How are barochorous seeds usually dispersed?

by wind

by gravity

by animals

by water

What characterizes a hypogeous germination?

seed remains under ground

leaf emerges first

shoot emerges first

seed is pushed above the ground

Under low or far red light plants produce …

long internodes

more nodes

large leaves

lots of chlorophyll

What is a disadvantage of small seeds?

none of the above

low chance of survival

not easily dispersed

only produced in small numbers

What is the effect of abscisic acid?

reduces growth

promotes seed germination

promotes root growth

promotes shoot elongation

Which ratio determines apical dominance and branching?

gibberellin : abscisic acid

auxin : gibberellin

auxin : cytokinin

cytokinin : gibberellin

What is the effect of ethylene?

stops growth

promotes elongation

promotes fruit ripening

reduces root growth

How is thigmotropism triggered?

by gravity

by light

by direct contact

by sound

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