Navigation

Location:

position

state of motion

properties of the measured or perceived information (z.B. qualität der information)

Navigation:

driving a vehicle from a point of departure A to a destination Z

radio navigation systems are based on the interaction of the radio equipment on the aircraft and that in ground stations or satellites

VHF omnidirectional radio range (VOR)

Non-directional beacons (NDB)

Distance Measuring System (DME)

Global Navigation Satellite Systems GNSS (GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO)

Autonomousnavigation systems are characterized by the fact that the location or position is determined only by on board or ground based devices, independent of a remote station.

primary radar (dopplerradar)

direction finder systems

radio altimeter

Inertial navigation systems (INS/IRS)

is an angle measured in the horizontal plane.

counting clockwise from a reference direction to be specified from 000°to 360°.

Guidance to the geographic north pole

Guidance to the magnetic north pole delta between TN –MN: magnetic declination or magnetic variation (VAR)

reasons for the variation: secular variation of the magnetic north pole

disturbance of the magnetic lines of forces caused by local magnetic field anomalies