cockpittechnologie

tool to synchronize actions and distribute responsibilities

target

- same knowlade of flight

- relevant information must be exchaged

- clear, structureed language, precisely

target (component of the MCC): Undoubted, safe and efficient work processes in the cockpit even in abnormal situations. Permanent guarantee of situational awareness

From / to -> start lande fluzghafen

co mpanie routee

FLT NBR - flight number

CRZ FL -> cruising hreight / temperature

Input fuel data (INIT B page):

−Zero Fuel Weight/CG

−block fuel

−Characteristic speeds displayed on MCDU are based on the ZFW entered by the crew

−Unit: [t] or [min]

−inputtakeoffdata(PERF TAKEOFF page)

−V1, VR, V2

−climb, cruise, descent, speedpreselection

−couplingtoPFD

SD -> F/CTL

Econ speed -> speed abhängig vom cost index

NAV: consequences of the flight plan

es erscheint HDG statt NAV

-> zeiten und verbrauch werden auf der MCDU falsch angezeigt

Raw: simple location by relative position to a beacon with automatically or manually selected frequency

FM: Self-location: Information is generated internally (by relative position to a beacon from AIRAC database, GPS, inertial navigation system...) (FM - FLight Managment)

PSE = pilot error

CT - Zeitkosten Crew, verspätung

dT - zeit

Cc - fix kosten

CF - Cost Fuel

CI - kg/min

dF - amount of fuel

CI-> klein wert -> der stellenwert des C_fuel ist sehr hoch

CI-> großer wert -> stellenwert für C_time ist sehr hoch

(FCOM

Check lists

Briefing )

No/minimise excessive concentration or fatigue

controlled equally safely by the seating positions of both pilots

each pilot has a sufficiently clear view + minimum change in view (head movement)

other seats must be installed so make tasks effectively and without negative influence

avoid misunderstandings, while  allow mutual control of both pilots

priority: frequently observed information is displayed in the center 

redundancy: more important information are displayed multipolar times 

More often used buttons in a general flight are in the front, less often are far back.

For example lights ins the front

turbines kill switch far in the back

far back are fused

the growing number of instruments and their information still needed to be presented in a manageable way

instrument diversity has given way to a few highly integrated cockpit displays (The right information at the right time) -> Development of so-called information hierarchies

complex systems required new forms of presentation over conventional clock instruments: Graphics and colour play a decisive role -> the equipment industry (Honeywell, Aerospatiale, Sextant, Diehl) are entering fierce competition

manufacturers e.g. Boeing and Airbus compete in display and operating concept

Captain + First Office

Two-pilot-cockpit +Flight engineer

Captain + First Office + Flight engineer

Three-pilot-cockpit + Navigator + Radio Operator

Captain + First Office + Flight engineer
Three-pilot-cockpit + Navigator + Radio Operator + Second flight engineer

80s with B767 und A310

captain's (CAPT) and First Officer (F/O) panels are readily visible on the respective seating positions -> installation of the most important display systems

central panel of CAPT and F/O readily visible ->installation of simple designed or back-up display systems

central pedestal easily accessible for CAPT and F/O, but less visible _>installation of controls devices

overhead panel for CAPT and F/O equally well/badly accessible ->installation of control devices that are less relevant or rare to operate during standard flights

light-/glareshield-panel are readily visible and can be easily used from any pilot's seat ->installation of frequently used control devices and displays-

engineers, navigators and radio panel are equipped with controls devices and displays depending on the cockpit type (three to six-pilot-cockpit), which are not necessarily needed by the pilots

EIS (Electronic Instrument System with 6-8 CRT consisting of

ECAM (Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitoring) and

EFIS (Electronic Flight Instrument System) and

important instruments as a mechanical back-up

Electronic centralised aircraft monitoAn electronic centralised aircraft monitoring (ECAM) is a system that monitors aircraft functions and relays them to the pilots. It also produces messages detailing failures and in certain cases, lists procedures to undertake to correct the problem.r

An electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) is a flight deck instrument display system that displays flight data electronically rather than electromechanically.

primary flight display (PFD),

multi-function display (MFD),

engine indicating and crew alerting system (EICAS)

. Early EFIS models used cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, but liquid crystal displays (LCD) are now more common. The complex electromechanical attitude director indicator (ADI) and horizontal situation indicator (HSI) were the first candidates for replacement by EFIS. Now, however, few flight deck instruments cannot be replaced by an electronic display.

concept:

- design of a basic type

- extension/shortening of the fuselage while retainingthe wing unit, landing gear, engines, avionics, cockpit design, etc.

result:

-different ranges and capacities of the aircraft

-savings on high development and approval costs

-simplified maintenance and spare parts provision, as often identical in construction

Communication

Navigation

Surveillance

VHF

HF

ELT

SATCOM