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Flashcards
what is command injection? How to prevent?
F.e. typing ".." here (for going back one directory). Prevent this with whitelists
Console console = System.console();
String dirName = console.readLine();
Path path = Paths.get("c:/data/diets/" + dirName);
try(Stream<Path> stream = Files.walk(path)) {
stream.filter(p -> p.toString().endsWith(".txt")).forEach(System.out::println);
}
How to prevent comand injection with lists? which one to prefer?
Whitelists/blacklists: better whitelists
What are sensitive contexts which should be avoided to ensure confidental informations doenst escape?
* logfiles
* printing exceptions or stacktraces
* System.out and System.err messages
* writing to data files
Why should confidenial data be stored in char[] instead of string?
java wont place it in the stringpool and therefore it wount live long in the memory
How to prevent command injections?
Whitelists/blacklists/limiting file acces with permissions
What does defense in depth mean?
To apply multiple techniques to protect an application
How to specify which fields get serialized? (two ways)
transient or with an array:
private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields = { new ObjectStreamField("name", String.class) };
What is the opposite of transient?
The array:
private static final ObjectStream[] serialPersistentFields = {new ObjectStreamField("name", String.class) };
What modifiers are required for serialPersistentFields?
private static final
How to ensure that fields are enrcrypted during serialization?
implementing writeObject(ObjectOutputStream s) and readObject(ObjectInputStream s) and doing the encrpytion here
What exceotion is thrown when a field is marked with transient/is not in serialPersistentFields?
IllegalArguemntException
What is readResolve for?
When we want to control f.e. if a new object is created during deserialization
When does readResolve run?
After the readObject - method
What is writeReplace for?
F.e. if we want to conrtrol which object is serialized instead of just serializing this
When is writeReplace running?
before writeObject
How to construct sensitive objects?
- Making class private
- making method private
- constructor private
What is a resource leak and how to prevent this?
When the resource is never closed -> close it
Why is reading of files w.o. cheging its size a problem?
The files could be very large -> check the size first to prevent memory issues
What is a inclusion attack?
F.e. billion laughs attack or zip bomb. A file which could expand more and more to become really big
What is the problem with ovwerflowing numbers? How to prevent?
Unpredictable outcomes -> input validation
What is "wasting data structures"?
F.e. the possibility to create a class with a hashCode which always return 42 and put it to a hashmap or the possibility to create very large datastructures
Does ArrayList have a copy method?
no
What does ArrayList.clone() return?
Object -> be aware to cast it
Where is the clone() Method declared?
In the objectclass
Whats the difference between a black and a whitelist?
Whitelist compares against allowed values (could also throw an exception if not valid)
What does readObject() return?
Object
What does readResolve() return?
Object
Where are the 5 key interfaces for JDBC declared?
In the JDK
Where do we get the concrete classes for JDBC interfaces from?
From the JDBC driver
Which interfaces are implemented within the driver JAR?
Driver, Connection, PreparedStatement, CallableStatement, ResultSet
Do we use the concrete JDBC classes in code?
No, only the interfaces
Whats neccessary in a jdbc url? Which colons?
prefix jdbc + subprotocol for the db + name/address of the database, separated by :
jdbc:postgresql://localhost/zoo
Is it possible to create a jdbc-connection via constructor
No, use DataManager.getConnection for the exam, in real life: DataSource
Which exception is thrown by DriverManager.getConnection?
SqlException (check in examquestions if it is thrown)
What are the benefits of a PreparedStatement?
- Performance
- Security
- Readability
- Future use
Is it possible to create a preparedStatement without providing a query as parameter?
No, this will not compile:
var ps = conn.prepareStatement()
How to get the returned Value of ps.execute() ?
Check first if it returned something (returned value will be boolean indicating if returnvalue or updatecount), then get the resultset via ps.getResultset if it is true or ps.getUpdateCount if it is false
What happens with incompatible returntypes? (f.e. SELECT-query but executeUpdate() called)
Will throw a SQLException like: .executeUpdate cannot be called with a statement
What is the returntype and the returnvalues for select/[delete|insert|update] for ps.execute()
boolean, true for select, false for updates
What is the returntype and the returnvalues for select/[delete|insert|update] for ps.executeQuery()?
ResultSet, rows and columns returned for select
