POM Chapter 02 - The Evolution of Management Thought

Principles of Management POM Chapter 02 - The Evolution of Management Thought

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Flashcards	61
Students	37
Language	English
Category	Micro-Economics
Level	University
Created / Updated	10.01.2020 / 15.01.2025
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Managers who accept the assumptions of Theory X:

create a work setting that encourages commitment to organization goals

closely monitor workers to make sure that production is not affected

focus on giving employees opportunities to exercise initiative.

provide opportunities for workers to be imaginative

view workers as motivated and capable of exercising self-control

create a work setting that encourages commitment to organization goals

closely monitor workers to make sure that production is not affected

focus on giving employees opportunities to exercise initiative.

provide opportunities for workers to be imaginative

view workers as motivated and capable of exercising self-control

EZtronics’ approach to management is consistent with Theory Y because:

managers at EZtronics control workers’ behavior by means of rewards and punishments.

managers at EZtronics closely supervise their subordinates

managers at EZtronics do not believe in giving workers any autonomy in solving problems.

managers at EZtronics have created a work setting that allows workers to exercise initiative.

managers at EZtronics have created a work setting that reflects a belief that workers are lazy.

managers at EZtronics control workers’ behavior by means of rewards and punishments.

managers at EZtronics closely supervise their subordinates

managers at EZtronics do not believe in giving workers any autonomy in solving problems.

managers at EZtronics have created a work setting that allows workers to exercise initiative.

managers at EZtronics have created a work setting that reflects a belief that workers are lazy.

In the context of human relations movement and related studies, who among the
following is a “ratebuster?”

A person performing above the work group performance norm

A person performing below the work group performance norm

A person performing at the pace the manager requests

A person performing below the company performance standard

A person performing at a pace he feels matches his pay

A person performing above the work group performance norm

A person performing below the work group performance norm

A person performing at the pace the manager requests

A person performing below the company performance standard

A person performing at a pace he feels matches his pay

The management theory that focuses on the use of rigorous quantitative techniques to
assist managers to make the best use of organizational resources is called

contingency theory

management science theory

administrative management theory.

behavioral management theory

human relations theory

contingency theory

management science theory

administrative management theory.

behavioral management theory

human relations theory

The aspect of management theory that uses mathematical techniques such as
modeling and simulation to help managers make better decisions is called:

behavioral management

contingency management

quantitative management

administrative management

human relations management

behavioral management

contingency management

quantitative management

administrative management

human relations management

A company that wishes to increase the quality of its products should opt for _____, a
branch of management science that provides tools to analyze the company’s input,
conversion, and output activities.

Quantitative management

Operations management

Total quality management

Management information systems

Numerical management

Quantitative management

Operations management

Total quality management

Management information systems

Numerical management

Which of the following is true of an open system?

It is more likely to experience entropy than is a closed system

It uses resources from the external environment for internal processes, but does not return anything to the external environment.

The input, process, and output stages in the production process are performed in the external environment.

It is a self-contained system that is not affected by changes in its environment.

It takes in resources from its external environment and converts them into goods that are then sent back to that environment for purchase by customers.

It is more likely to experience entropy than is a closed system

It uses resources from the external environment for internal processes, but does not return anything to the external environment.

The input, process, and output stages in the production process are performed in the external environment.

It is a self-contained system that is not affected by changes in its environment.

It takes in resources from its external environment and converts them into goods that are then sent back to that environment for purchase by customers.

_____ refers to the tendency of a closed system to lose its ability to control itself, and
thus disintegrate.

Synergy

Entropy

Esprit de corps

Order

Equity

Synergy

Entropy

Esprit de corps

Order

Equity

_____ is the performance gain caused by two or more departments coordinating their
efforts.

Synergy

Entropy

Esprit de corps

Order

Equity

Synergy

Entropy

Esprit de corps

Order

Equity

_____ is the idea that the organizational structures and control systems that are chosen
by managers depend on characteristics of the external environment in which the
organization operates.

Equity theory

Contingency theory

Theory X

Theory Y

Behavioral management theory

Equity theory

Contingency theory

Theory X

Theory Y

Behavioral management theory

The primary message of _____ is that there is no one best way to organize.

Theory X

administrative management theory

contingency theory

behavioral management theory

management science theory

Theory X

administrative management theory

contingency theory

behavioral management theory

management science theory

If a manager designs the organizational hierarchy based on the characteristics of the
organizational environment, he is acting in accordance with _____.

Equity theory

Fayol’s theory

Contingency theory

Queuing theory

Chaos theory

Equity theory

Fayol’s theory

Contingency theory

Queuing theory

Chaos theory

Which of the following is true of an organization with a mechanistic structure?

The organization uses the structure only when needed—when the organizational environment is unstable

A mechanistic structure requires more managerial time, money, and effort than an organic structure.

Employees are closely supervised and follow well-defined rules and standard operating procedures

Authority is decentralized to middle and first-line managers to encourage them to take responsibility

Here, managers can react more quickly to a changing environment than can managers in an organic structure

The organization uses the structure only when needed—when the organizational environment is unstable

A mechanistic structure requires more managerial time, money, and effort than an organic structure.

Employees are closely supervised and follow well-defined rules and standard operating procedures

Authority is decentralized to middle and first-line managers to encourage them to take responsibility

Here, managers can react more quickly to a changing environment than can managers in an organic structure

Which of the following statements indicates that Megabytes Inc. has implemented an
organic structure?

At Megabytes, employees are discouraged from taking up more responsibilities

At Megabytes, forming of cross-departmental or functional teams is discouraged

At Megabytes, employees are closely supervised and follow well-defined rules

At Megabytes, emphasis is placed on strict discipline and order.

At Megabytes, authority is decentralized to middle and first-line managers.

At Megabytes, employees are discouraged from taking up more responsibilities

At Megabytes, forming of cross-departmental or functional teams is discouraged

At Megabytes, employees are closely supervised and follow well-defined rules

At Megabytes, emphasis is placed on strict discipline and order.

At Megabytes, authority is decentralized to middle and first-line managers.

Mayfair Mobile’s external environment is changing rapidly and it responds by
decentralizing decisions to lower-level managers so that the organization can react
faster. Which of the following types of organizational structure allows this?

A mechanistic structure

A formal structure

A bureaucratic structure

An oligarchic structure

An organic structure

A mechanistic structure

A formal structure

A bureaucratic structure

An oligarchic structure

An organic structure

_____ refers to a system where small workshops run by skilled workers produce handmanufactured
products.

Mass production

Flow production

Crafts production

Series production

Mechanized production

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Mass production

Flow production

Crafts production

Series production

Mechanized production

Job specialization refers to

the process by which each position’s formal authority in an organizational hierarchy is established.

the process by which division of labor occurs as different workers gain expertise in tasks.

the process by which subordinates receive orders and report to only one superior.

the process by which members of different departments work together in crossdepartmental teams to accomplish projects.

the process by which employees explore new ways to improve how tasks are performed.

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the process by which each position’s formal authority in an organizational hierarchy is established.

the process by which division of labor occurs as different workers gain expertise in tasks.

the process by which subordinates receive orders and report to only one superior.

the process by which members of different departments work together in crossdepartmental teams to accomplish projects.

the process by which employees explore new ways to improve how tasks are performed.

_____ is the process by which division of labor occurs as different workers gain
expertise in tasks over time.

Job specialization

Systems management

Esprit de corps

Job rotation

Centralization

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Job specialization

Systems management

Esprit de corps

Job rotation

Centralization

According to Taylor, the production process becomes more efficient with:

an increase in the effort that each worker puts in to produce a unit of output

an increase in the amount of time required to produce a unit of output

an increase in division of labor through specialization.

the use of informal-rule-of thumb knowledge

the use of intuitive knowledge

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an increase in the effort that each worker puts in to produce a unit of output

an increase in the amount of time required to produce a unit of output

an increase in division of labor through specialization.

the use of informal-rule-of thumb knowledge

the use of intuitive knowledge

Which of the following statements is consistent with the principles of scientific
management?

Stick to the current method of performing tasks and focus only on increasing the speed.

New methods of performing tasks ought to be communicated verbally rather than in writing

Allow workers to establish their own rules and SOPs

Establish a standard pay system that is independent of performance

Increase job specialization in order to make the production process more efficient

Keyboard commands:

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= for-/backward,

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Stick to the current method of performing tasks and focus only on increasing the speed.

New methods of performing tasks ought to be communicated verbally rather than in writing

Allow workers to establish their own rules and SOPs

Establish a standard pay system that is independent of performance

Increase job specialization in order to make the production process more efficient

Which of the following is true of scientific management?

It resulted in jobs that were usually non-repetitive

It brought all workers more gain than hardship.

It revealed the maximum efficiency of work systems

It resulted in job dissatisfaction for many workers

It resulted in increased trust between managers and workers

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It resulted in jobs that were usually non-repetitive

It brought all workers more gain than hardship.

It revealed the maximum efficiency of work systems

It resulted in job dissatisfaction for many workers

It resulted in increased trust between managers and workers

An advantage of achieving the right worker–task specialization and linking people and
tasks by the speed of the production line is:

lower costs

lower job satisfaction

decreased workplace monotony

decreased organizational output

decreased mechanization of work process.

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lower costs

lower job satisfaction

decreased workplace monotony

decreased organizational output

decreased mechanization of work process.

Administrative management is the study of:

how managers control the organization’s relationship with its external environment.

how an organizational structure is to be created such that it leads to high efficiency and effectiveness

how the feelings, thoughts, and behavior of work group members and managers affect worker performance

how characteristics of the work setting—specifically the level of lighting—affect worker performance.

how managers should personally behave to motivate employees and encourage them to perform at high levels

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how managers control the organization’s relationship with its external environment.

how an organizational structure is to be created such that it leads to high efficiency and effectiveness

how the feelings, thoughts, and behavior of work group members and managers affect worker performance

how characteristics of the work setting—specifically the level of lighting—affect worker performance.

how managers should personally behave to motivate employees and encourage them to perform at high levels

_____ refers to a system of task and authority relationships that controls how
employees use resources to achieve a company’s goals.

Corporate variance

Work sharing

Management scalability

Organizational structure

Job rotation

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Corporate variance

Work sharing

Management scalability

Organizational structure

Job rotation

_____ refers to a formal system of organization and administration designed to ensure
efficiency and effectiveness.

Esprit de corps

Bureaucracy

Adhocracy

Synergy

Entropy

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Esprit de corps

Bureaucracy

Adhocracy

Synergy

Entropy

In a bureaucracy, a manager’s formal authority derives from:

his or her social standing and personal contacts.

informal rule-of-thumb knowledge

intuitive knowledge

codifying the new methods of performing tasks into written rules

the position he or she holds in the organization.

his or her social standing and personal contacts.

informal rule-of-thumb knowledge

intuitive knowledge

codifying the new methods of performing tasks into written rules

the position he or she holds in the organization.

The power to hold workers accountable for their actions and to make decisions about
the use of organizational resources is known as:

initiative.

synergy.

authority.

esprit de corps.

entropy.

initiative.

synergy.

authority.

esprit de corps.

entropy.

_____ gives managers the right to direct and control their subordinates’ behavior to
accomplish organizational goals.

Entropy

Synergy

Esprit de corps

Authority

Equity

Entropy

Synergy

Esprit de corps

Authority

Equity

When the tasks and authority associated with various positions in the organization are
clearly specified, it creates a scenario where

employees are not sure of what is expected either of them or of each other

employees are held strictly accountable for their actions

managers face difficulty in tracking the assigned tasks

confused employees create havoc within the formal hierarchy of authority

order and discipline is undermined

employees are not sure of what is expected either of them or of each other

employees are held strictly accountable for their actions

managers face difficulty in tracking the assigned tasks

confused employees create havoc within the formal hierarchy of authority

order and discipline is undermined

Henry Fayol believed that in order to increase the efficiency of the management
process it is essential that:

authority should be concentrated at the top of the chain of command.

managers should discourage creativity in employees so that they stay focused on their jobs.

there should be greater number of levels in a managerial hierarchy

managers should not have the right give orders to employees; they should only give polite instructions

all organizational members are entitled to be treated with justice and respect

authority should be concentrated at the top of the chain of command.

managers should discourage creativity in employees so that they stay focused on their jobs.

there should be greater number of levels in a managerial hierarchy

managers should not have the right give orders to employees; they should only give polite instructions

all organizational members are entitled to be treated with justice and respect

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