Lipids
Terminology, common features of lipids, fatty acids, glycerides, tryglycerides function, why are tryglycerides stored instead of carbohydrates?, phospholipids, cholesterol as example for sterol, transport of lipids via apolipoproteins
Terminology, common features of lipids, fatty acids, glycerides, tryglycerides function, why are tryglycerides stored instead of carbohydrates?, phospholipids, cholesterol as example for sterol, transport of lipids via apolipoproteins
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Flashcards
Saturated fats definition (4)
Are not kinked within the structure (no C=C in carbon chain) and are saturated with many hydrogen atoms
Solid at lower temperatures
Provide rigidity and less fluidity
Hydrophobic
Unsaturated fats definition (3)
Less saturated, meaning they have less hydrogen atoms because attached, because C=C in chain takes away bonding possibilities
Provide more fluidity to plasma membrane
Trans definition
Straight saturated hydrocarbon chain
Trans = inflexible and straight
Heated cis becomes trans
Cis definiton
Bent saturated hydrocarbon chain
Has a double bond C=C
Heated cis becomes trans
Difference between monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat
mono = one C=C
poly = two or more C=C
Common features of lipids (3)
Hydrophobic
soluble in ethyl ether & chloroform -> non-polar solvents
Contains many hydrocarbons (chain or ring structure)
Composition of fatty acid (3)
Carboxylic acid group on one end (COOH, makes it fatty acid), hydrocarbon chain, methyl group on other end (CH3)
What are implications (effects) on having glyceride rich diet?
Obesity & Atherosclerosis (hardening of arteries)
Functions of trilgycerides (5)
Blubber for bouyancy (fat weighs les than muscle)
Insulation
Protector of organs & shock absorber
Energy source
Water source
Why does body store triglycerides rather than carbohydrates (glucose)? (2 reasons)
Triglyceride metabolism yields (wins) more ATP than glucose
Adipose tissue (lipid sotrage) can expand exponentially whereas carbohydrate storage (liver) has finite size
Differences and similarities of diglycerides and phospolipids (number of fatty acid chains, hydrophilic region, hydrophobic region)
Diglycerides: two fatty acid chains, no hydrophilic region, hydrophilic region
Phospholipids: two fatty acid chains, hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions
Phospholipids (twi things that make them useful)
Unsaturated fatty acid chain (kink) makes hydrophobic region flexible
Hydrophilic head keeps the membrane together and protects them from bigger and hydrophobic molecules
Sterols (structure 1, properties 3)
Tetra-ring structure
Grouped in lipids (same properties)
Non soluble in polar solvents (water)
Soluble in non polar (organic) solvents (ether)
Cholesterol (function (3), properties (2) -> (1))
Hormone synthesis, vitamin d synthesis, structural support in membranes
Extremely hydrophobic and insoluble in polar solvents
Packed into apolipoprotein (lipid,cholesterol,protein bundle)
What happens if you have too much cholesterol? (3)
Heart disease
Atherosclerosis
Inflexible membranes
HDL (definition, function (2), how much cholesterol do they contain?)
Apolipoprotein (lipids,cholesterol,protein) -> High density of cholesterol
Transportation of fat (cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides) & cholesterol from cells to liver for excretion or reuse
LDL (definition, function, how much cholesterol do they contain?)
Apoliopprotein -> Low density of cholesterol
Deliver cholesterol to cells (used witihn membrane and synthesis of steroid hormones)
