Endocrinology

Hormones

Hormones

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About these flashcards

This flashcard set covers advanced endocrinology topics at the university level, focusing on hormone production, regulation, and related diseases. It delves into the functions of the pituitary gland, thyroid hormones, and adrenal gland zones, as well as the roles of specific hormones like ACTH, TSH, and LH/FSH. The set also explores various hormonal pathways and disorders such as hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and hypopituitarism. Medical students and professionals will find this flashcard set invaluable for understanding the complexities of endocrine system disorders and treatments.

Flashcards

41

Students

2

Language

English

Category

Medical

Level

University

Created / Updated

23.11.2019 / 14.01.2020

vasopressin deficiency leads to

diabtes insipidus (Polyurie)

Casues of hypopituitarism (8)

hereditary, pituitary adenoma, post surgery

infiltrative, infectious, inflammatory processes, bleeding

infarction

Pituitary tumors

GH, TSH,ACTH, Proclatin

GH(acromegalia, gigantism)

TSh (secondary hyperthroidism)

ACTH (cushing disease)

Prolactin (Prolactinoma)

hyperthroidism (4 diseases)

morbus basedow (Graces disease)

struma nodosum

tumor

TSH producing pituitary tumor

measurement of thyroid hormones

central thyroid (TSH) and

peripheral thyroid hormones (T4 and T3)

TSh receptor antibodies (increased)

m basedow

TPO AB (poosible to indicate _)

Hashimoto disease (autoimmune hypothyroidism)

TG indicates _, used in _

thyroid cell destruction, used in thyroid carcinoma care

Therapy of hypothyroidism (supplementation of _)

T4

Therapy of hyperthyroidism

M Basedow

- Antithyroid agent, surgery, radioiodine therapy

Zona golmerusa

production of_

stimulated by_

regulates _ and_

mineralocorticoids

stimulated by agiotensin

regulates sodium-water metabolism and BP

Zona reticularis

production of_

stimulated by _ from the_

regualtes _2

production of cotiscosteroids

stimualted by ACTH from the PG

regulates metabolic functions, stress response

Zona fasciculata

production _

stimulated by_

Regulates production of_ and_

androgens (sex hormones)

ACTH

regulates production of estrogen and tesosterone

hypocortisolism

central (_ def)

peripheral (_def)

central: ACTH

peripheral: Cortisol

disease hypocortisolism

2

hypopituitarism due to tumor, inflammation

adrenal cortex deficiency

hypercortisolism

disease

ACTH producting tumor

cortisol producting tumor, ACTh producing tumpr, iatrogenic (chronic steroid treatment)

hypercortisolism (Disease)

morbus cushing

hypocortisolism disease

m addison

hypoglycemia

BG (< mmol/)

sym: 4

consequences: 2

<3.3 mmol/l

symptoms: dizziness, cold sweating, coma, death

consequences: dying of nerve cells, mainly brain

hyperglycemia

BG >_fasted, _ random

symtpoms: 7

consequences: 2

>7.8 mmol/ fasted, >11.1 mmol/l random

sym: polydipsia, polyuria, acetone-like breath, somachache, nausea, vomitus, hyperventilation

consequences: dying of nerve cells, mainly small arteries

3 hormonal pathways

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-endocrine

-paracrine

-autocrine

Peptide hormones

(Chain, size proteins, 2 Examples, soluble, target side)

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polypeptide chain, small protein, oxytoxin, GH, water soluble, target side: extracellular receptors

Lipide hormones or steroid hormones

(derived from _, 3 examples, soluble, target side)

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derived from cholesterol, examples: steroid hormones, testosterone, oestradiol, lipid soluble, target side: intracellular receptors

amino acid-derived hormones

(derived from _, 2 ex, soluble, traget side)

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derived from single amino acids, ex: tryosine, epinephrine, water soluble, target side: extracellular and transmembrane receptors)

Hypothalamus

(2 main function )

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regulates the pituitary gland, many body function

Hormones of Hypothalamus

5

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TRH, GnRH,CRH,GHRH, Somatostatin/GHIH

pituitary gland

four parts

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anterior/posterior, pars intermedia, pituitary stalk

piutitary gland

main function

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regulates body function such as metabolism, reproduction, stress,growth, water homeostasis

Pituitary gland

8 hormones

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TSH, LH/FSH, ACTH, Prolactin, GH, ADH, Oxytocin

Ant. pituitary Hormones

4 stimulating and 2 inhibits

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Stimulation (TSH, ACTH, LH/FSH, GH)

Inhibition (GH, Prolactin)

2 posterior pituitary hormones

ADH, Oxytocin

TSH

stimulation of 2 hormones

thyroid hormones (T3 triiodothyronine) and (T4 thryoxin)

ACTH

Stimulation the _ and _ of _ from the _

Stiumulates the production and secretion of cortisol from the adrenal gland

LH

stimulates _ production in the _ and _ production in the_

stimulates oestrogen production in the ovaries and testosterone production int the testis

FSH

stimulates _ in the _ and _production in the_

stimulates follicle growth in the ovaries and sperm production in the testis

GH

stimulates IGF-1 in the _and thus growth of bone and organs

Prolactin

allows _

allows lactation

Posterior ADH

regulates_and_

regulates sodium and water metabolism

Oxtyocin

_

uterus contraction and birth

hypopituitarism

GH deficiency

hypoglycaemia in adults, microsomia/dwarfism in children

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Flashcards

hyperglycemia

BG >_fasted, _ random

symtpoms: 7

consequences: 2

>7.8 mmol/ fasted, >11.1 mmol/l random

sym: polydipsia, polyuria, acetone-like breath, somachache, nausea, vomitus, hyperventilation

consequences: dying of nerve cells, mainly small arteries

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