Unit 6
Yves Wyss
Yves Wyss
das Top
top
noun (C)
die Weste
waistcoat
noun (C)
(American vest) a short, usuallysleeveless jacket wornimmediately under the outerjacket
a three-piece suit consists of trousers, jacket and waistcoat.
Grammar:
Present Perfect formation and use.
Regular verbs have the same form for the past simple and the past participle: arrived, watched, played, etc.
Some irregular verbs have the same form for the past simple and the past participle: cut, felt, bought, etc.
Other irregular have a different form for the past simple and the past participle: done, given, written, etc
See Unit 2
We use the present perfect to connect the past with the present. It is used to describe something which started in the past and:
- has a connection with the present: I've finished all my exams (so I'm very happy now.)
- continues into the present: I've lived here for five years (and I still live here now.)
Grammar:
Just, already and yet
We often use the adverbs just, already or yet with the present perfect to talk about things that have happend before now but have a conncetion with the present.
- We use just to talk about things that happend a short time ago: I've just eaten (=I ate a short time ago and I'm not hungry now). Magda's just gone out (=she left a short time ago so you can't speak to her now).
- We use already to say something has happened, often sooner than expected. "Do page 23 for homework!" "We've already done that page" (= That page is finished now so we don't need to do it again.)
"When are you going to tidy your bedroom?" "I've already tidied it" (=The room is tidy now so I don't need to do it again.)
Note: these two adverbs normally go in the middle of the sentence, between have and the past participle: I've just bought some new trainers. She's already read that book.
- Weoften use yet in questions and negative sentences when we expect something to happen. It means until now: "haveyou seen the new Kate Winslet film yet?" " No, I'haven't seen it yet." (=No, Ihaven't seen the film at a time before now but I expect I'll go.)
Note: Yet normally goes at the end of the question or sentence: "HAve you finished yet?" "No, I'haven't finished yet."
Grammar:
Since and for
We often use since and for with the present perfect to talk about a time that startd in the past and continues into the present.
- We use since to talk about the beginning of a period of time:
Michael Keen has written three novels Since 2007 / last year / Wendnesday.
He's played tennis three time since 2009 / last week / Friday. - We use for to talk about the whole period of tme:
I've been on the basketball team for three years / three weeks / a long time. - We often use How long to ask questions about this period of time:"How long have you had trhose trainers?" "Since last year."
Grammar:
Present perfect or past simple?
Present perfect
We normally use the present perfect when:
- we are thinking about the past and the present: I've broken my arm so I can't do the maths exam. Molly has bought a ticket for the concert tonight. (= Molly has a ticket and plans to go to the concert tonight.)
- we are not interested in when this action happened, but we are interested in the result now: I've lost my keys (and now I can't open my front door). I've finished all my homework (so I don't have to do it now).
We also use the present perfect to:
- talk about experiences over a time that started in the past and continues until now, but we don't say when: JK Rowling has written seven Harry Potter books. (=She may wrote write more.) I've never been to Japan (until now, but I may go in the future).
- to give news: Rafa NAdal has won again. I've had my hair cut. Remember if we ask questions about a time that started in the past and continues into the present, we use the present perfect: "How long have you lived here?" "I've lived here for three years" (= I'm interested in a time period that started in the past and continues until now.) "How many matches have you played this week?" (= I'm interested in a time periode that started in the past and continues until now.)
Past simple
We normally use the past simple when:
- we are thinking about the past but not the present: I broke my arm when I was riding my bike. Seth bought two tickets for last week's concert and he went with his friend Jim. (= Seth went to the concert with Jim last week.)
- we are interested in when this action happened: I lost my keys yesterday (and I couldn't open the front door). I didi my homework last night.
We use the past simple:
- when these experiences happened over a time period in the past: JJR Tolkien wrote the Lord of the Rings. (= Tolkien's dead so he won't write more.) When I was in Asia, I didn't go to Japan. (= I'm not in Asia now).
- to add more details to this news: He beat Roger Federer. (not has beaten). I went to that new hairdresser's.
We use the past simple to ask questions about a time in the past: "When did you move here?" " May 2009" (= I'm interested in a particular date in the past.) "What time did the match start?"
das Publikum
audience
noun (C)
a group of people watching or listening to a performance etc
There was an audience of at least 4000 people at the concert
a television audience.
die Leistung
performance
noun (C)
the way in which something or someone performs
His performance in the exams was not very good
schon
already
adverb
before a particular time;previously; before the expected time
I had already gone when Tom arrived
I don’t want that book – I’ve read it already.
Are you leaving already?
He hasn’t gone already, has he?
moder (Kleidung)
fashionable
adj. (more / most)
op. unfashionable
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Flashcards
das Top
top
noun (C)
die Weste
waistcoat
noun (C)
(American vest) a short, usuallysleeveless jacket wornimmediately under the outerjacket
a three-piece suit consists of trousers, jacket and waistcoat.
