Unit 1
Yves Wyss
Yves Wyss
die Glühbirne
bulb
Noun [C]
(also light bulb) a pear-shapedglass globe surrounding theelement of an electric light.
die Glocke
bell
noun [C]
any other mechanism for giving a ringing sound
Our doorbell is broken
Please press the bell if you need assistance.
die Toilette
lavatory
noun [C] Plural lavatories
(a room containing) areceptacle for waste matterfrom the body.
das Schlafzimmer
bedroom
noun [C]
a room for sleeping in.
Grammar
Prepositions of time
When do you use at, on and in?
- We use at for times of the day: at ten o'clock, at 8.15, at lunchtime, etc. and with expressions such as at the weekend, at night, at New Year, etc.
- We use on for days and dates: on Monday, on Saturday morning, on February 5th, on the last day of the month, etc.
- We use in for years, seasons, months, long periods, and parts of the day: in 2010, in winter, in July, in the holidays, in the afternoon, etc.
Gramar
Frequency adverbs
We use frequency adverbs to say how often something happens.
- We can use a word, e.g. sometimes, always or phrase like most afternoons or every night.
- We usually put one-word frequency adverbs (and hardly ever) before the main verb: We sometimes watch a film in the evening. I don't usually go out until 8 o'clock. It hardly ever rains in July.
- With am, are, is was or were, etc. they come after the verb: Tey are always late! Nowadays my grandfather is often ill.
- They also come after auxiliary and modal verbs: It has often happend. I can never understand him.
- If we want to, we can put usually, often, sometimes and occasionally at the beginning or end of a sentence: Occasionally, we eat in the garden. I feel tired sometimes.
- We cannot put always or never at the beginning or end: not correct exaples: Always I work hard. I play table tennis never.
- We put phrases at the beginning or end: I have piano lessons once a week. Most evenings I stay at home.
- We can form questions using: How often do you, Do you ever, Do you always, etc.: How often do you swim? Do you ever drink tea? Do you always walk to school?
Grammar:
Present simple: How to form it and when do you use it?
The present simple is used to describe:
- a permanent state or situation: I live in the town where I was born.
- a fact or something which is always true: The earth goes around the sun.
- an activity which happens regularly or occasionally: He gets up at six o'clock every day.
Grammar:
Present continuous: How to form it and when do you use it?
The present continuous is used to describe:
- a temporary situation: I'm living with my uncle while they are painting our house.
- an activity happening at the present moment: I'm sorry you can't talk to at the moment. She's having a shower.
- an ativity in progress but not exactly at the present moment: I'm studying three foreign languages, so I'm quite busy nowadays.
- a situation which is changing or developing: Lots of people are coming ti live here, so the town is growing quickly.
- things the speaker finds strange or annoying, with always. (This is a way of complaining): You're always using the telephone. Our phone bill will be enormous!
- something which happens frequently, with always: My girlfriend is always cooking me special meals.
Gramar
State Verbs
What are state verbs and when do you use it?
Verbs which describe states, not actions, are not usually used in continuous. These verbs describe:
- thoughts: belive, know, remember, forget, think (meaning belive), feel (meaning belive), guess (meaning belive), suppose, understanbd, etc.
- feelings: like, hate, want, need, prefer, etc.
- senses: smell, taste, hear, see
- possession: have, belong, own, contain, include, etc.
- existance: exist, remain, consist, seem, mean, matter, etc.
- the verb be
Some state verbs can be used in the continuous when they describe actions:
- I'm thinking about what you said. (i'm considering it.)
- She's feeling unhappy. (How she is at the moment.)
- The shop assistant is weighing the fruits for us. (He's measuring the number of kilos.)
Other verbs like this include see, taste, smell, and be.
Grammar
Countable ad uncountable nouns
Nuns can be either countable [C] or uncountable [U].
Countable nouns.
- use a or an in the singular, e.g. a job, an animal
- can be made plural, e.g. cars, books
- use some and any in the plural e.g. some friends, any answers
Uncountable nouns:
- do not use a or an
- cannot be made plural, e.g. work, music
- use verbs in the sigular, e.g. the news is good, music helps me relax
- use some and any in the singular, e.g. some food, any advice
Grammar
A few, a little, many, much a lot of, lots of
When do you use which form?
We often use different quantifiers (a few, many, etc.) with countable and uncountable nouns.
- For small quantities of countable nouns, we use a few : a few students
- For small quantities of uncountable nouns, we use a little: a little information
- For large quantities of countable nouns, we use many: Are there many rooms in the hotel? I don't have many CDs.
- For large quantities of uncountable nouns in negative sentences and questions, we use much: There isn't much information. Do you have much homework?
- We can use a lot of or lots of for large quantities of countable and uncountable nouns: We had a lot of fun. I have lots of friends. Does she have lots of money?
- If there is no noun after the quantifier, we use a lot without of: I like him a lot.
- We can use other words to refer to a quantity of an uncountable noun, e.g. a bit of food, an amount of money, a drop of water
Grammar
Preposition of place
The preposition at, on and in tell us where someone or something is.
- We use at for a point, e.g. at the bus stop, and in expressions like at the top, at the back, at the station, at the seaside, at school and at a party
- We use on for surfaces, e.g. on the table, on the wall, and lines, e.g. on the coast, on the boarder.
- We use in when someone or something is in a space, e.g. in a building, in a field, in the water, in South America
manchmal
sometimes
adverb
He sometimes goes to America
He goes to America sometimes
Sometimes he seems very forgetful.
meistens
most
adverb
mainly
I go to bed early most of the time.
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Cartes-fiches
die Möbel (pl.)
furniture
noun [U]
things in a house etc, such as tables, chairs, beds, etc
das Wissen
knowledge
noun [U]
She was greatly encouraged by the knowledge that she had won first prizein the competition.
das Gepäck
luggage
noun [U]
the suitcases, trunks etc of atraveller
He carried her luggage to the train
(also adjective) a luggage compartment.
das Geld
money
noun [U]
coins or banknotes used in trading
Have you any money in your purse?
The desire for money is a cause of much unhappiness.
Das Papier
paper
noun [U]
a single (often printed or typed) piece of this
I need paper and a pen to write a letter.
die Verschmutzung
pollution
noun [U]
das Bühnenbild
scenery
noun [U]
the painted background for aplay etc on a stage
die Arbeit
work
noun [U]
effort made in order to achieve or make something
He has done a lot of work on this project
der Kühlschrank
fridge
noun [C]
a piece of kitchen equipment that uses electricity to preserve food at a cold temperature
I've put the beer in the fridge to chill.
The fridge keeps food at a constant temperature
