HYGIENE EPIDEMIOLOGIE

UMED WROC

123

0.0 (0)

A. K.

Lernen

A. K.

Über diese Lernkartei

This flashcard set covers advanced university-level topics in medical hygiene and epidemiology. It explores key factors influencing disease spread, risk assessment, and preventive measures, with a focus on hand hygiene, screening methods, and the impact of environmental factors on health. Medical students and professionals will benefit from this comprehensive overview, which highlights the importance of understanding epidemiological principles in clinical practice and public health.

Karten

123

Lernende

Sprache

Englisch

Kategorie

Medizin

Stufe

Universität

Erstellt / Aktualisiert

22.01.2019 / 27.01.2019

Ähnliche Karteien

Lernkarten

Number of fetal deaths in a year expressed as a proportion of the

total number of births in the same year is a definition of:

A. perinatal mortality rate

B. neonatal mortality rate

C. fetal death rate

none of the above

Parametric test will be suitable to compare results between the

groups studied, if:

A. the variable tested was a nominal one,

B. the variable testes was an interval one of abnormal distribution,

C. the variable tested was an interval one of normal distribution

PArticulate matters influence on cardiovascular system. How they

infulence?

There is no connection between particulate matter and cardiovascular diseases

Coarse paricles go directly to cardiovascular system via lungs

Particulate matter lead to inflammation in alveolus and proinfalmmatory cytokines got to bloodstream

none of above

Prevalence is determined by:

A. the duration of illness ( if a disease lasts a short time its prevalence is lower than if it lasts a long time)

B. the severity of illness ( if many people who develop a disease die within a short time, its prevalence is decreased)

C. the number of new cases ( if many people develop a disease, its prevalence is higher than if few people do so)

D. all above

Proportion of truly diseased persons in the screened population,

who are identified as diseased by the screening test is a definition of :

A. sensitivity of a diagnostic test

B. specificity of a diagnostic test

C. reproducibility of a diagnostic test

D. positive predictive value

so called hills criteria must be met to establish a cause-effect relationship. Which of the following does not belong?

reversibility

strength association

randomness

temporiality

The Bradford Hill criterion ”coherence” means that the association has been observed

repeatedly in different places, by different observers and at different times

TRUE

FALSE

The electromagnetic field causes;

1. Temporary disturbance of thermoregulation and in the level of

electrocytes

2. Headaches and dizziness

3. Disturbances in sleeping and memory

4. Changes in intraneural connections in the cerebral cortex

5. Bradycardia

6. Drop of blood pressure

1,6

1,2,3,4,5,6,

1,3,4,5,6,

1,2,3,5,6

The energy expenditure of a man or woman over a whole day is

divided into different components. The largest single component of

24-hour energy expenditure in most individuals is:

a) Body Mass index

b) Energy needed for physical activity

c) Thermogenic processes

d) Basal metabolic rate

The global leading chronic disease are:

A. cancer, diabetes, stroke, tuberculosis

B. cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, diabetes

C. cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, chronic respiratory disease, diabetes

D. cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, chronic respiratory disease, tuberculosis

The ottawa charter was defined by

a. The health department of the Canadian government

b. The united nations

c. The health committee of the European union

d. The world health organisation

The value that occurs most frequently in a set of data is defined as

the:

arithmetic mean

geometric mean

median

mode

the ‘MY 5 MOMENTS FOR HAND HYGIENE ‘ approach

incorporates all of WHO’s recommen- dations for hand hygiene. The

‘MY FIVE MOMENTS FOR HAND HYGIENE’ approach presents five

essential indication (moments) when hand hygiene is required in

order to prevent germ trans- mission. ‘moment 1. Before touching a

patient ‘ refers to the following zone:

a) hand hygiene must take place after hand exposure to any surface in the patient room

b) hand hygiene must take a place when leaving the patient zone after a care sequence.

c) hand hygiene must take a place after touching the door handle and before shaking the patients hand

d) all the above

Ultrasounds are widely used in medicine because of their utility.

Ultrasounds:

a) Act against pain, for example neutral pains, vertebral pains

b) cause degenerative disease of articulations

c) increase the tension of muscles

d) cause inflammatory processes,for example inflammatory processes around the articulations

What are the proportions of primary nutrients in the

normal physiological

a. 50% - proteins 25% - sugars, vegetable fats and animal fats 10% to 15%

b. 50-60% carbohydrates (up to 10% simple sugars), 15% - proteins, fat – 30%

c. 50% - carbohydrates, 40% - protein, fat – 10%

d. 50% - protein, 25% - complex carbohydrates, fat – 5%-20%

What are the proportions of primary nutrients in the

normal physiological

a. 50% - proteins 25% - sugars, vegetable fats and animal fats 10% to 15%

b. 50-60% carbohydrates (up to 10% simple sugars), 15% - proteins, fat –30%

c. 50% - carbohydrates, 40% - protein, fat – 10%

d. 50% - protein, 25% - complex carbohydrates, fat – 5%-20%

What happens to incidence and prevalence if: Recovery from the

disease is more rapid

prevalence increase

prevalence decrease

both incidence and prevalence decrease

What is Coli index?

a. A number of E.Coli in 100ml of water

b. The amount of water in which the..... one E.coli

c. Number of E.coli in 100l of water

d. The amount of water in which the..... two e.coli

What types of microbes can spread due to lapses in and hygiene?

1 staphylococcus aures (including MRSA)

2 Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)

3 Klebsiella (including ESBL-producing Klebsiella)

4 E coil (including ESBL-producing E Coli)

5 Pseudomonas spp(indlucing multidrug resistantant PSeudomonas

spp)

6 Candida

7 Rotavirus

8 Hepatitis A virus

Microbes that can be spread on the hands of healthcare workers are:

a)1,2,3,4,5,6

b)1,2,3,4,5,6,7

c)1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8

d)1,2,3,4,5,6,8

Which of the following best describes the study designs that can be either retrospective
or prospective and is often used when the investigators are interested in rare exposure:

Intervention trials

Cohort studies

Prevalence studies

Case control studies

None of the above

Which of the following conditions is not linked to excessive

consumption of specific foods?

a) Obesity

b) Diabetes mellitus type 1

c) Cardiovascular disease

d) Dental carries

Which of the following factors is not essential for the initiation of

caries?

bacteria

plaque

fermentable carbohydrates

Yeasts

Which of the following is given for the management of pernicious

anaemia?

riboflavin

niacin

folic acid

cobalamin

Which of the following statements regarding the screening are

correct?

1. Screening is the process of using tests on a large scale to

identify the presence of disease in apparently healthy people

2. Screening tests do not usually establish a diagnosis but rather

the presence or absence of an identified risk factor and thus

require individual follow up and treatment

3. As the recipients of screening are usually people who have no

diseases

4. It is important that the screening test itself is very unlikely to

cause harm

5. Screening can be used to identify high exposure to risk factors

a) 1,2,3,4,5

b) 1.3.4

c) 1,2,6

c) 2,3,4,5,

Which sentence about the folic acid is false?

All women capable of becoming pregnant could have an NTDaffected pregnancy

All women should consume 400 micrograms of folic acid daily in addition to foods high in folate such as fruits and vegetables

c) Only pregnant women should consume 400 micrograms of folic acid daily in addition to foods high in folate such as fruits and vegetables

For women who have had a previous affected pregnancy, folic acid supplementation of 4mg/d is recommended (under physician supervision)

Which type of epidemiological study is useful for relative risk

analysis?

cohort study

cross sectional study

retrospective (case control) study

descriptive study

WHO predicts that in 2020 for the biggest loss in

DALY will be responsible

WHO predicts that in 2020 for the biggest loss in

DALY will be responsible

a. coronary heart disease, depression, traffic accidents, CNS vascular disease, respiratory disease

b. depression, traffic accidents, coronary heart disease, AIDS

c. coronary artery disease, hemorrhagic fever, lung cancer, depression, and schi- zophrenia

d. AIDS, malaria, traffic accidents, coronary artery disease, hypertensi- on

WHOs trategic advisory committee of WHO (SAGE) supported

the recommendation of sea- sonal infuenzan vaccination of the

following targeted populations’

. a) healtcare workers

b) the elderly

c) children 6-58 months of age

d) all of above

You found person who is not shivering and is sleepy in cold

outside environment. Probably these person is?

. a) in mid hypothermia

. b) inseverhypothermia

. c) is death

. d) none of the above is correct

toxoids

a. are the products of bacterial metabolism

b. exotoxin devoid of bacterial pathogens properties

c.endotoxins with bacterial pathogenic properties

d.answers A and B are correct

What are the main factors of health inequalities?

a. organization of the health care system

b. socio-demographic factors

c. historical conditions

d. insufficient epidemiological surveillance

The main (emitier? What?) of particular matter is

(something along those words)

a. combustion in industry and energy production

b. road transport

c. burning outside the industry sector

d. none

Oral hygiene in children needs to choose the proper

toothpaste

a. this is due to the inability to spit out toothpaste by children

b. age-determined selection of paste with the appropriate content of fluoride

c. relatively large portion of toothpaste – the size of a pea

d. all answers are correct

What is the reason for of hand disinfection

ineffectiveness?

a. too small amount of the antiseptic

b. improper hand hygiene procedure

c. the use of antiseptics on wet skin

d. all answers are correct

Of these, the greatest risk of virus infection,

estimated at 6-30%, applies to:

HVC

HBV

HIV

the risk of infection is the same for all of these viruses

The most common complications of CO poisoning

include

a. liver or kidney damage

b. neurological disorders

c. asthma

d. gastrointestinal disorders

In smokers, COHb concentrations in the blood

a. is the same as for non-smo- kers

b. is on average 15-25%

c. can be up to 10-12%

d. all the answers are incorrect

Frequently missed during hand disinfection points

are

Lernen

HYGIENE EPIDEMIOLOGIE

Lernkarteien erstellen oder kopieren

Lernkarten

Bitte melde dich an

Google

Apple ID

Microsoft

Switch edu-ID

Edulog

Google

Apple ID

Microsoft

Switch edu-ID

Edulog