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This flashcard set delves into the intricate processes of molecular biology at the university level, focusing on DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. It covers key concepts like transcription, translation, and the roles of molecules such as polymerase, ribosomes, and nucleotides. The flashcards explore the structure and function of genes, operons, and various factors involved in genetic processes. Ideal for students and researchers, this set provides a comprehensive understanding of molecular biology, essential for those studying genetics, biochemistry, or related fields.

Cartes-fiches

128

Utilisateurs

Langue

Anglais

Catégorie

Biologie

Niveau

Université

Créé / Mis à jour

22.04.2018 / 24.04.2018

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Which represents a similarity between DNA and RNA?:

Double-stranded helical structure

The same number of oxygen atoms in each of their pentose sugars

The presence of uracil

Nucleotides consisting of a phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogen group

Double-stranded helical structure

The same number of oxygen atoms in each of their pentose sugars

The presence of uracil

Nucleotides consisting of a phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogen group

Some tRNAs can recognize more than one codon because there complementation rule of base pairing between the anticodon …… position. This relaxation is called:

Button-Boveri hypothesis

The wobble hypothesis

The Okazaki hypothesis

The Hershey-Chase hypothesis

Button-Boveri hypothesis

The wobble hypothesis

The Okazaki hypothesis

The Hershey-Chase hypothesis

When Hershey and Chase differentially labeled the DNA and proteins of bacteriophages T2 and allowed them to infect bacteria, what did the viruses transfer to the bacterial cell?

DNA containing radioactive sulfur

Proteins containing radioactive phosphorus

DNA containing radioactive phosphorus

Proteins containing radioactive sulfur

DNA containing radioactive sulfur

Proteins containing radioactive phosphorus

DNA containing radioactive phosphorus

Proteins containing radioactive sulfur

Prokaryotic release factors (RF) have the following functions during translation:

RF 2 recognizes UAA and UAG; RF 1 – UAA and UGA; RF 3 – Helps RF 1 and RF 2

RF 2 recognizes UAA and UAG; RF 3 – UAA and UGA; RF 1 – helps RF 3 and RF 2

RF 1 recognizes UAA and UAG; RF 2 – UAA and UGA; RF 3 – helps RF 1 and RF 2

RF 3 recognizes UAA and UAG; RF 1 – UAA and UGA; RF 2 – helps RF 1 and RF 3

RF 2 recognizes UAA and UAG; RF 1 – UAA and UGA; RF 3 – Helps RF 1 and RF 2

RF 2 recognizes UAA and UAG; RF 3 – UAA and UGA; RF 1 – helps RF 3 and RF 2

RF 1 recognizes UAA and UAG; RF 2 – UAA and UGA; RF 3 – helps RF 1 and RF 2

RF 3 recognizes UAA and UAG; RF 1 – UAA and UGA; RF 2 – helps RF 1 and RF 3

A nucleotide of the DNA contains:

Adanine, ribose and phosphate group

Nitrogenous base, phosphate group and glucose

Phosphate group, deoxyribose and thymine

Uracil, doexyribose and phosphate group

Adanine, ribose and phosphate group

Nitrogenous base, phosphate group and glucose

Phosphate group, deoxyribose and thymine

Uracil, doexyribose and phosphate group

In prokaryotic mRNA, the ribosome binding site is called:

promoter ”5”-TATAAT-3” sequence

Shine Dalgamo sequence (5’AGGAGG-3’)

Kozak’s consensus sequence

Enhancer sequence

promoter ”5”-TATAAT-3” sequence

Shine Dalgamo sequence (5’AGGAGG-3’)

Kozak’s consensus sequence

Enhancer sequence

Trp operon is:

Inducible operon which must be ”switched off” when tryptophan is present

Inducible operon which must be ”switched on” when tryptophan is present

Repressible operon which must be ”switched off” when tryptophan is present

Repressible operon which must be ”switched on” when tryptophan is present

Inducible operon which must be ”switched off” when tryptophan is present

Inducible operon which must be ”switched on” when tryptophan is present

Repressible operon which must be ”switched off” when tryptophan is present

Repressible operon which must be ”switched on” when tryptophan is present

During initiation of translation

Large ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA with the help of initiation factors

Small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA with the help of release factors

Small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA with the help of initiation factors

Large ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA with the help of release factors

Large ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA with the help of initiation factors

Small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA with the help of release factors

Small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA with the help of initiation factors

Large ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA with the help of release factors

In prokaryotes, the enzymes possessing error-checking and repairing activities during the DNA replication are:

DNA helicase and DNA pol I

Gyrase and DNA pol III

DNA pol I and DNA pol II

DNA pol I and ligase

DNA helicase and DNA pol I

Gyrase and DNA pol III

DNA pol I and DNA pol II

DNA pol I and ligase

During initiation of translation:

The 50S ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA with the help of initiation factors

The 50S ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA with the help of release factors

The 30S ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA with the help of initiation factors

The 30S ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA with the help of release factors

The 50S ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA with the help of initiation factors

The 50S ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA with the help of release factors

The 30S ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA with the help of initiation factors

The 30S ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA with the help of release factors

DnaA and DnaG factors are involved in the process of:

DNA transcription

pre-mRNA processing

mRNA translation

DNA replication

DNA transcription

pre-mRNA processing

mRNA translation

DNA replication

Once transcription has been completed, which of the following is NOT necessary for protein synthesis to occur?:

tRNA

ribosomes

mRNA

DNA

tRNA

ribosomes

mRNA

DNA

Which molecule serves to destabilies the DNA helix in order for opens it up creating a replication fork?:

Ligase

Gyrase

DNA polymerase

Helicase

Ligase

Gyrase

DNA polymerase

Helicase

Fragments of DNA molecule that do not contain information is called:

Mutagens

Introns

Exons

all of these

Mutagens

Introns

Exons

all of these

DNA transcription occurs in:

Golgi body

Nucleoid region

Nucleus

Golgi body

Nucleoid region

Nucleus

Which of the following is in a different chemical category than the others:

Arginine

Arabinose

Alanine

Asparagine

Arginine

Arabinose

Alanine

Asparagine

At which position of the deoxyribose ring is the nitrogenous base attached:

The triplet base sequence in DNA template strand that is translated into a stop codon is:

CUG

ATT

TAA

TAC

CUG

ATT

TAA

TAC

The lac repressor protein binds to the operator region:

in the absence of lactose

in the presence of lactose

in the presence of CAMP

in the absence of glucose

in the absence of lactose

in the presence of lactose

in the presence of CAMP

in the absence of glucose

A functional molecule of mRNA consists of 32 nucleotides. How many amino acids, present in the polypeptide chain are synthesized?:

The transcribing enzyme is:

ligase

DNA polymerase

RNA polymerase

aminoacyl transferase

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

ligase

DNA polymerase

RNA polymerase

aminoacyl transferase

Transcription occurs along a ........................... template strand forming an mRNA molecule in the ..................direction

5´to 3´,5´to 3´

5´to 3´, 3´to 5´

3´to 5´, 3´to 5´

3´to 5´, 5´to 3´

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

5´to 3´,5´to 3´

5´to 3´, 3´to 5´

3´to 5´, 3´to 5´

3´to 5´, 5´to 3´

To begin DNA replication in prokaryotes, what protein first binds to DNA

DNA polymerase I

ligase

SSBs

DnaA

Commandes clavier:

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= avant/arrière,

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DNA polymerase I

ligase

SSBs

DnaA

DNA contains:

thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

adenine, thymine, uracil, cytosine

thymine, guanine, cytosine, adenine

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

adenine, thymine, uracil, cytosine

thymine, guanine, cytosine, adenine

Enzyme that adds complementary nucleotides to the growing DNA starnd during replication is:

helicase

DNA polymerase

RNA polymerase

DNA gyrase

Commandes clavier:

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helicase

DNA polymerase

RNA polymerase

DNA gyrase

Transcription and translation of a gene composed of 60 nucleotides would form a protein containing no more than .....amino acids

Commandes clavier:

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= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

Reverse transcription is the process in some viruses by which..... synthesized from

DNA, RNA

a polypeptide, mRNA

mRNA, polypeptide

RNA, DNA

Commandes clavier:

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= avant/arrière,

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DNA, RNA

a polypeptide, mRNA

mRNA, polypeptide

RNA, DNA

Core particle of a nucleosome consists of:

histone octamer and 246 bp of DNA wrapped around it

histone octamer and 146 bp of DNA wrapped around it

histone tetramer and 146 bp DNA wrapped around it

histone tetramer and 246 bp DNA wrapped around it

Commandes clavier:

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histone octamer and 246 bp of DNA wrapped around it

histone octamer and 146 bp of DNA wrapped around it

histone tetramer and 146 bp DNA wrapped around it

histone tetramer and 246 bp DNA wrapped around it

Which of the following is true about ribosomes?

ribosomes consist of DNA and Protein

ribosomes consist of a single subunit

ribosomes have 3 binding sites (A, P and E)

ribosomes are the site of DNA replication

Commandes clavier:

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ribosomes consist of DNA and Protein

ribosomes consist of a single subunit

ribosomes have 3 binding sites (A, P and E)

ribosomes are the site of DNA replication

The promoter gene of an operon:

is the binding site for RNA polymerase

encodes information for the repressor protein

is the binding site for the receptor

is the binding site for inducer

Commandes clavier:

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= avant/arrière,

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is the binding site for RNA polymerase

encodes information for the repressor protein

is the binding site for the receptor

is the binding site for inducer

The main 3 types of RNA studied in this course:

mRNA, tRNA, sgRNA

messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA

cell RNA, ribosomal RNA, protein RNA

mitochondrial RNA, chromosome RNA, transfer RNA

mRNA, tRNA, sgRNA

messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA

cell RNA, ribosomal RNA, protein RNA

mitochondrial RNA, chromosome RNA, transfer RNA

If a DNA molecule is found to be composed of 40% thymine, what percentage of adenine would be expected.

10%

20%

40%

80%

10%

20%

40%

80%

RF1, RF2 and RF3 factors are involved in:

the whole process of mRNA translation

termination of DNA replication

termination of mRNA translation

the whole process of DNA transcription

the whole process of mRNA translation

termination of DNA replication

termination of mRNA translation

the whole process of DNA transcription

The genetic code is umambiguous because:

once translation of mRNA begins, the codons are read one after the other; there is no internal punctuation

each codon specifies only a single amino acid

a given amino acid can be specified by more than one codon

each nucleotide in mRNA belongs to just one codon, to a single reading frame

once translation of mRNA begins, the codons are read one after the other; there is no internal punctuation

each codon specifies only a single amino acid

a given amino acid can be specified by more than one codon

each nucleotide in mRNA belongs to just one codon, to a single reading frame

Protein called Rho is required during:

initiation of transcription

initiation of replication

termination of transcription

termination of replication

initiation of transcription

initiation of replication

termination of transcription

termination of replication

The elongation of a polypeptide chain continues until:

the protein is too long to fit inside the nucleus

the A site on the protein releases the RNA polymerase

an UAA codon enters the A site of a ribosome

an AUG codon is reached by the ribosoe

the protein is too long to fit inside the nucleus

the A site on the protein releases the RNA polymerase

an UAA codon enters the A site of a ribosome

an AUG codon is reached by the ribosoe

The enzyme abbreviated EF-Tu is involved in:

the process of gene transcription to keep RNA polymerase attached to the DNA

so-called "tRNA charging" to catalyst the attachment of amino acids to the tRNA molecules

the replication to protect separated DNA strands from zipping back

the process of mRNA translation to transfer aa-tRNA molecules to the ribosome

the process of gene transcription to keep RNA polymerase attached to the DNA

so-called "tRNA charging" to catalyst the attachment of amino acids to the tRNA molecules

the replication to protect separated DNA strands from zipping back

the process of mRNA translation to transfer aa-tRNA molecules to the ribosome

The sequence of DNA 3´- ACCGTTACC-5´would be transcribed as follows:

5´-UGGCAAUGG-3´

5´-TGGCAATCC-3´

3´-TCCUAAUGG-5´

3´-UGGCAAUGG-5´

5´-UGGCAAUGG-3´

5´-TGGCAATCC-3´

3´-TCCUAAUGG-5´

3´-UGGCAAUGG-5´

Which of the operons works by using an inducer to bind to the repressor protein and remove it, thus allowing transcription of structural genes?

Histidine operon

Lactose operon

Glucose operon

Tryptophan operon

Histidine operon

Lactose operon

Glucose operon

Tryptophan operon

In a single nucleotide, the phosphate group is linked with:

C-3´of pentose sugar

C-3´of the hexose sugar

C-5´of the pentose sugar

C-5´of the hexose sugar

C-3´of pentose sugar

C-3´of the hexose sugar

C-5´of the pentose sugar

C-5´of the hexose sugar

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Cartes-fiches

Which molecule serves to destabilies the DNA helix in order for opens it up creating a replication fork?:

Ligase

Gyrase

DNA polymerase

Helicase

Fragments of DNA molecule that do not contain information is called:

Mutagens

Introns

Exons

all of these

DNA transcription occurs in:

Golgi body

Nucleoid region

Nucleus

Which of the following is in a different chemical category than the others:

Arginine

Arabinose

Alanine

Asparagine

At which position of the deoxyribose ring is the nitrogenous base attached:

The triplet base sequence in DNA template strand that is translated into a stop codon is:

CUG

ATT

TAA

TAC

The lac repressor protein binds to the operator region:

in the absence of lactose

in the presence of lactose

in the presence of CAMP

in the absence of glucose

A functional molecule of mRNA consists of 32 nucleotides. How many amino acids, present in the polypeptide chain are synthesized?:

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