TOEFL 3 (Evolution and Migration)
Evolution and Migration
Evolution and Migration
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Cartes-fiches
To adjust to the circumstances; to make suitable
adapt (Dinosaurs could not adapt to the warmer temperatures.) (The teacher adapted the exercises for his more advanced students)
Various; showing a lot of differences within a group
diverse (India is one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world)
To develop; to come forth
evolve (Modern-day sharks evolved from their ancestor Eryops, which lived more than 200 million years ago.)
Part, characteristic
feature (The best feature of this car is its heated seats)
A group of people born at about the same time
generation (As older managers retired, a new generation of leaders took control of the company)
Naturally characteristic; always found within something, because it’s a basic part of that thing
inherent (No job can be interesting all the time. Boredom is inherent in any kind of work)
Movement from one place to another by a group of people or animals
migration (The migration of farm workers from one state to the next depends primarily on the harvest.)
Related to the body; related to materials that can be seen or felt
physical (Because of the shape of its throat, an ape does not have the physical ability to speak. Evolution and Migration 13 The mountains form a physical barrier between the west and the east.)
A series of steps leading to a result
process (To get a good job, most people go through a long process of letterwriting and interviews.)
To get a good job, most people go through a long process of letterwriting and interviews.
survive (After getting lost in the mountains, Gordon survived by eating wild plants and catching fish.)
Related to the study of the position of stars, the sun, and the planets in the belief that they influence earthly events
astrological (Every day, Mona read her astrological forecast in the newspaper, and she was careful if the horoscope predicted trouble.)
Foretelling the future by finding patterns in physical objects
divination (In Turkey, women offer divinations by reading the dregs from a coffee cup.)
To continually appear (in the form of a ghost) in the same place or to the same person
haunt (Some say the ghost of Princess Hilda haunts this castle, appearing as a headless form while she plays the piano.) (The pictures of children dying in war have haunted me for a long time.)
Strong fear mixed with disgust
horror (On Halloween night, all the horror movies were rented out.)
Acting as an agent between people or things
intermediary (The plaintiff’s lawyer suggested that they hire an intermediary to help them discuss their case.)
To call on for support
invoke (In many religions, believers invoke their god by holding out their hands.)
To reflect; to think quietly and deeply for a long timeTo reflect; to think quietly and deeply for a long time
meditate (Every morning, the monks meditated for three hours in complete silence.)
A dimly visible form, usually thought to be the spirit of a dead person, a sunken ship, etc.
phantom (Many visitors reported seeing a phantom who appeared around the lake.)
Relating to the supposed ability of the human mind to sense things that cannot be observed
psychic (The governor’s assistant claimed to have unique psychic abilities enabling him to read people’s minds.)
Having the power to renew oneself for an indefinite period of time
self-perpetuating (It is difficult to escape from a lie, as they are often self-perpetuating.)
To consume and incorporate; to become similar
assimilate (Not all of the overseas students could assimilate into the rigidly controlled school.)
The act of burning the dead
cremation (Cremation is particularly common in Japan, where land for burial is very limited.)
To make something suitable for being in a home
domesticate (The Barnes family hoped to domesticate the tiger, but their neighbors were skeptical.)
Traditional myths of a people transmitted orally
folklore (Through folklore, archaeologists have learned about the migration of Native Americans in North America.)
To become preserved in clay or stone or ash after death, so that a natural record is left of the original organism; to become rigid and stuck in old ways
fossilize (The dinosaur eggs had fossilized over thousands of years.)
Something left from a long-ago culture, time period, or person
relic (Relics of the war can still be found in the sand dunes along this shore.)
A ceremony meant to achieve a certain purpose
rite (Many cultures have fertility rites that supposedly make it more likely for women to bear children.)
As part of a traditional ceremony or habit
ritually (The children ritually kissed their parents on the cheek before bed.)
A long story about important events long ago
saga (Many American families tell sagas about their ancestors’ arrival in the United States)
A visible trace that something once existed
vestige (The wilted flowers were the only vestige of their romantic weekend.)
To change for the better
amend (The residents voted to amend their neighborhood policy on fences.)
Leaning unfairly in one direction
biased (Her newspaper article was criticized for being heavily biased toward the mayor’s proposal.)
Something that is carried; a source of stress or worry
burden (The donkey walked slowly under the burden of its heavy load.) (The failing company faced the burden of bad debts and a poor reputation.)
To act in opposition to; to offer in response
counter (The hockey player countered the punch with a smashing blow from his hockey stick.) (Jane countered every accusation with a specific example of her achievements.)
Truly doing a job, even if not officially
de facto (Popular support established the Citizens Party as the de facto government.)
To choose carefully among options
discriminate (The governor wisely discriminated between urgent issues and those that could wait.)
A belief; a fanciful impulse
notion (The notion that older office equipment is unreliable is inaccurate.) (One morning, she suddenly took the notion to paint her kitchen red.)
To keep down by force; to weigh heavily on
oppress (Factory management oppressed workers through intimidation)
A pattern or model; a set of assumptions
paradigm (The usual paradigm for economic growth in developed countries does not apply to some poor nations.)
Causing to judge prematurely and unfairly
prejudiced (Many consumers are prejudiced against commercial goods made in third-world countries)
