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Glossary

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J. S.

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J. S.

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This flashcard set covers advanced programming concepts and techniques, focusing on functions, objects, and data structures. It delves into topics like object-oriented programming, functional programming styles, and various data types such as lists, dictionaries, and strings. The flashcards explore programming paradigms, error handling, and operations like filtering, mapping, and reducing sequences. This set is ideal for programmers looking to deepen their understanding of programming languages and best practices, providing insights into both theoretical concepts and practical applications.

Cartes-fiches

194

Utilisateurs

Langue

Anglais

Catégorie

Informatique

Niveau

Autres

Créé / Mis à jour

29.01.2018 / 30.01.2018

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parse:

To examine a program and analyze the syntactic structure.

syntax:

The rules that govern the structure of a program.

token:

One of the basic elements of the syntactic structure of a program, analogous to a word in a natural language.

formal language:

Any one of the languages that people have designed for specific purposes, such as representing mathematical ideas or computer programs; all programming languages are formal languages.

natural language:

Any one of the languages that people speak that evolved naturally.

string:

A type that represents sequences of characters.

floating-point:

A type that represents numbers with fractional parts.

integer:

A type that represents whole numbers.

type:

A category of values. The types we have seen so far are integers (type int), floatingpoint numbers (type float), and strings (type str).

value:

One of the basic units of data, like a number or string, that a program manipulates.

operator:

A special symbol that represents a simple computation like addition, multiplication, or string concatenation.

print statement:

An instruction that causes the Python interpreter to display a value on the screen.

program:

A set of instructions that specifies a computation.

prompt:

Characters displayed by the interpreter to indicate that it is ready to take input from the user.

interpreter:

A program that reads another program and executes it

portability:

A property of a program that can run on more than one kind of computer.

low-level language:

A programming language that is designed to be easy for a computer to run; also called “machine language” or “assembly language”.

high-level language:

A programming language like Python that is designed to be easy for humans to read and write.

information hiding:

The principle that the interface provided by an object should not depend on its implementation, in particular the representation of its attributes.

problem solving:

The process of formulating a problem, finding a solution, and expressing it.

polymorphic:

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Pertaining to a function that can work with more than one type.

type-based dispatch:

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A programming pattern that checks the type of an operand and invokes different functions for different types.

operator overloading:

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Changing the behavior of an operator like + so it works with a programmer-defined type.

positional argument:

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An argument that does not include a parameter name, so it is not a keyword argument.

subject:

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The object a method is invoked on.

method:

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A function that is defined inside a class definition and is invoked on instances of that class.

object-oriented programming:

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A style of programming in which data and the operations that manipulate it are organized into classes and methods.

object-oriented language:

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A language that provides features, such as programmerdefined types and methods, that facilitate object-oriented programming.

assert statement:

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A statement that check a condition and raises an exception if it fails.

invariant:

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A condition that should always be true during the execution of a program.

functional programming style:

A style of program design in which the majority of functions are pure.

modifier:

A function that changes one or more of the objects it receives as arguments. Most modifiers are void; that is, they return None.

pure function:

A function that does not modify any of the objects it receives as arguments. Most pure functions are fruitful.

designed development:

A development plan that involves high-level insight into the problem and more planning than incremental development or prototype development.

prototype and patch:

A development plan that involves writing a rough draft of a program, testing, and correcting errors as they are found.

object diagram:

A diagram that shows objects, their attributes, and the values of the attributes.

deep copy:

To copy the contents of an object as well as any embedded objects, and any objects embedded in them, and so on; implemented by the deepcopy function in the copy module.

shallow copy:

To copy the contents of an object, including any references to embedded objects; implemented by the copy function in the copy module.

embedded object:

An object that is stored as an attribute of another object.

attribute:

One of the named values associated with an object.

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Cartes-fiches

script:

A program stored in a file.

script mode:

A way of using the Python interpreter to read code from a script and run it.

interactive mode:

A way of using the Python interpreter by typing code at the prompt.

execute:

To run a statement and do what it says.

statement:

A section of code that represents a command or action. So far, the statements we have seen are assignments and print statements.

evaluate:

To simplify an expression by performing the operations in order to yield a single value.

expression:

A combination of variables, operators, and values that represents a single result.

operand:

One of the values on which an operator operates.

keyword:

A reserved word that is used to parse a program; you cannot use keywords like if, def, and while as variable names.

state diagram:

A graphical representation of a set of variables and the values they refer to.

assignment:

A statement that assigns a value to a variable.

variable:

A name that refers to a value.

debugging:

The process of finding and correcting bugs.

bug:

An error in a program.

parse:

To examine a program and analyze the syntactic structure.

syntax:

The rules that govern the structure of a program.

token:

One of the basic elements of the syntactic structure of a program, analogous to a word in a natural language.

formal language:

Any one of the languages that people have designed for specific purposes, such as representing mathematical ideas or computer programs; all programming languages are formal languages.

natural language:

Any one of the languages that people speak that evolved naturally.

string:

A type that represents sequences of characters.

floating-point:

A type that represents numbers with fractional parts.

integer:

A type that represents whole numbers.

type:

A category of values. The types we have seen so far are integers (type int), floatingpoint numbers (type float), and strings (type str).

value:

One of the basic units of data, like a number or string, that a program manipulates.

operator:

A special symbol that represents a simple computation like addition, multiplication, or string concatenation.

print statement:

An instruction that causes the Python interpreter to display a value on the screen.

program:

A set of instructions that specifies a computation.

prompt:

Characters displayed by the interpreter to indicate that it is ready to take input from the user.

interpreter:

A program that reads another program and executes it

portability:

A property of a program that can run on more than one kind of computer.

low-level language:

A programming language that is designed to be easy for a computer to run; also called “machine language” or “assembly language”.

high-level language:

A programming language like Python that is designed to be easy for humans to read and write.

problem solving:

The process of formulating a problem, finding a solution, and expressing it.

information hiding:

The principle that the interface provided by an object should not depend on its implementation, in particular the representation of its attributes.

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