Linguistics
Basic Terms
Basic Terms
voiced, dental, plosive
[t]
voiced,alveolar,plosive
[d]
unvoiced,alveolar,nasal
[n]
unvoiced,alveolar, trill
[r]
unvoiced, alveolar, tap/flap
[ɾ]
unvoiced, dental, fricative
[θ], thing
voiced, dental, fricative
[ð], they
unvoiced, alveolar,fricative
[s]
voiced, alveolar, fricative
[z]
unvoiced,postalveolar,fricative
[ʃ], show
voiced,postalveolar,fricative
[ʒ],fridge, Jaque
unvoiced,palatal,fricative
[ç]
voiced, palatal, approximant
[ʝ]
unvoiced,alveolar, approximant
[ɹ], rye
unvoiced, velar, plosive
[k]
voiced, velar, plosive
[ɡ]
voiced, alveolar,lateral, approximant
[l], lie
voiced, velar, nasal
[ŋ], sing
?
[ɳ], fetching
tʃ, fetching
IPA consonants
classic dichotomy
In language:
1) a set of rules and elements they apply to
2) all instances / manifestations where language is being used in infinite variety
game analogy
Set of rules that are binding → players with same cultural background → clearly delimited set of instructions → an infinite number of possible manifestations
Synchronic analysis
approach to the study of language at a point in time
Diachronic analysis
approach to the study of language longitudinally
Main types of grammar:
Prescriptive
Status of rules in grammar = high
Demand that the rules are followed, otherwise the speaker uses bad or incorrect English
Main types of grammar:
Descriptive
Set of rules that describes how language users form what they consider acceptable sentences
alveolar
Teeth ridge (alveolar dam)
postalveolar
Behind Teeth ridge (alveolar dam)
palatal
Hard palate / roof of the mouth
velar
Soft palate velum
uvular
Uvula (Zäpfchen)
Glottal
epiglottal
Glottis folds (Stimmritze)
Epiglottis (above glottis)
Tongue: back / root
Radical (Tongue)
Tongue: body
Dorsal (Tongue)
Tongue: blade
Laminal (Tongue)
Tongue: tip
Apical (Tongue)
Tongue: underside
Subapical retroflex (Tongue)
Plosiv / Oral Stop
Closure formed by the articulators → air pressure → released with a burst
- Voiceless / voiced
- Oral cativity
duck / tuck
Nasal stop
Total obstruction between articulators → no air can escape the mouth → sound = produced by the velum (air escapes through the nose)
- voiced
Sibilant
- a fricative produced in the alveolar / postalveolar region (→ hissing)
zit, sit
-
- 1 / 122
-
Cartes-fiches
?
[ɳ], fetching
tʃ, fetching
IPA consonants
