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Flashcards
Control Delusion Schizophrenia
Thought withdrawal/insertion
CIA is putting thoughts in my head
Somatic Delusion Schizophrenia
My kidneys are being eaten by cockroaches
Positive symptoms Schizophrenia
Hallucinations
Delusions
DIsordered Speech
(One of three have to be diafnosed for schizophrenia for 1+ months)
negative Symptoms Schizophrenia
Social Withdrawal
flat affect
low energy
anhedonia
(any negative symptoms have to be diagnosed for 6+ months)
Cognitive Symptoms Schizophrenia
reduced execuive funcitoning
trouble focusing
working memory
(6+ months)
Hallucinations Schizophrenia
preceptual experience that occurs in the absence of external stimulation
some bran areas are active as in inner speech => difficulty to distinguish
auditory = 2/3 hallucinations
Behaviour Therapy
WATSON
changing undesireable behaviours
Counterconditioning
Aversive conditioning:
Addicitve behavior (nailbiting) => unpleasant (shock, bad taste)
Exposure Therapy:
MARY COVER JONES
Boy eating cookies with rabbits
Psychodynamic
FREUD
unconcious and childhood conflicts umpact behaviour
patient talks about his past
unconcious wishes/repressed feelings bringing to light
free association
dream analysis
transference = transferring all positive/negative felling to psychoanalyst
Play therapy
used wuth children
play out their hopes, fantasies and traumas
therapist suggesting topics
Humanistic Therapy
ROGERS
what is happening now to you? FOrget the Past. Achieving potential
non-directive therapy
listening without judgement (active listening)
no interpretation
client centered
unconditinoal positive regard
Diagnosis Panic Disorders
Two or more unexpected attacks within two weeks
has no certain trigger
significant change in behaviour
Prevalence Panic DIsorder
Heritability
4.7%
43%
Females > Males
Biological Reasons Panic DIsorders
Neurobiologists: Locus coeruleus: Major source of Norepoinephdrine triggering fight-of-flight
abnormal activity
Condtioning theories (Panic Disorders)
Asthma Attack => anxious frightened => panic attack (developing through classical conditioning)
Exposure therapy
Scared of elevators
imagining certain situation (scary one)
relax after
repeat
(also possible with VR)
Operant conditioning
non-reinforced behaviors extinguished
token-economies
Cognitive Therapy
BECK
How you think determines How you feel and act
focusing how persons thought lead to feelings of distress
failed test => "I am worthless => depression
Failed tests => "I can do better. I am smart" => No depression
Cognitive-Beahvioral Therapy
present issues => for example reationa emotive therapy (RET)
usnig both strateigeis (using your thoughts and chaniging behaviour)
A ction
B elief
C onsequence
General Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
excessive uncontrollable and pointless worry and apprehension
"freefloating anxiety"
not triggered by somehting special
60% of time worrying. 5 hours a day!
Diagnosis Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Excessive worry around for more than 6 months
restlessness, easily fatigued, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension
difficult to control worry
Prevalence Generalied Anxiety Disorder
5.7%
Females > Males
Heritability Generalized Anxiety Disorder
30%
Females > Males
Description Panic Disorder
4 or more of the following:
accelerated hear rate
sweating
shaking
shorness of breath
fear of dying
Intense fear peaks around 10 minutes
Lasts about 30 minutes
Prevalence of Anxiety Disorders
Definition
25 - 30%
Females > Males
Excessive worry, fear that somehting is going wrong. Out of proportion of actual threat.
Learned Fears
evolutionary reasons.
fearing snakes faster than rabbits
Obsessive-Compulsive Relatied Disorders
Highly intrusive, unpleasant and repetitive behaviors
disrupting daily life
Person knows it is obsessive
Various types of OCD
Contamination (Wahsing hands)
Harm/Doubt (House is on fire, checking)
Symmetry (Keeping everything in order)
Losing items of value (Hoarding)
Obsessions (No compulsions, mental rituals)
Prevalence OCD
Heritability
2.3%
Females > Males
29%
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
flaw in physical appearance, either nonexistent, barely noticeable
Phobias
excessive, distressing and persistent fear/anxiety of specific object or situation
impacts life very much
great lenghts to avoid stimulus
Diagnosis Phobias
Stimulus
persistent, unreasonable, excessive fear
6+ months
great lenghts to avoid stimulus
Prevalence Phobia
Social Phobia
12.5%
12%
Biological Reasons Phobia
overactive Locus coreleus
Fear centre (amygdala) overactive ("Aaahh!")
groupthink
modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus.
Group polarization
strengthening of orignial group attitude after the discussion of views within a group
Social facilitation
performing better when audience is watching
Social inhibition
performing less well if audience is watching, because it is not a "skilled" task
Milgram
Shocking experiment (65%)
Cognitive Dissonance
psychological discomfort from holding two or more inconsistent attitudes, behaviors or cognitions
(dancing to justing bieber)
actions =! attitude
