Anatomy
locomotor apparatus
locomotor apparatus
Capitulum:
Capitulum: articulates with head of radius
Trochlea:
Trochlea: § Articulates with trochlear notch of ulna forming elbow joint.
Fractures of the proximal Humerus
Extra-articular fractures
Intra-articular fractures
Comminuted fractures
annular ligament
ligament proximal ulna. es umschliesst den kopf des radius
Olecranon process
Olecranon process (the biggest of the two) a hook-like projection for the articulation with the Trochlea
Coronoid process
Coronoid process (anterior projection) for articulation with the Trochlea
The skeleton of the hand consists of:
8 Carpal bones
5 Metacarpal bones
14 Phalanges
Carpal bones
The skeleton of the hand consists of: § 8 Carpal bones § 5 Metacarpal bones § 14 Phalanges
Metacarpal bones
The skeleton of the hand consists of: § 8 Carpal bones § 5 Metacarpal bones § 14 Phalanges
Phalanges
The skeleton of the hand consists of: § 8 Carpal bones § 5 Metacarpal bones § 14 Phalanges
scaphoid
Proximal row (lateral to medial): § scaphoid, § lunate, § triquetral, § pisiform (sesamoid bone)
lunate
Proximal row (lateral to medial): § scaphoid, § lunate, § triquetral, § pisiform (sesamoid bone)
triquetral
Proximal row (lateral to medial): § scaphoid, § lunate, § triquetral, § pisiform (sesamoid bone)
pisiform
Proximal row (lateral to medial): § scaphoid, § lunate, § triquetral, § pisiform (sesamoid bone)
trapezium
Distal row (lateral to medial): § trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
Distrapezoid
Distal row (lateral to medial): § trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
hamate
Distal row (lateral to medial): § trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
Radioulnar articulations
Radioulnar articulations A. Superior radioulnar joint B. Inferior radioulnar joint
The wrist joints
The wrist joints A. Radiocarpal joint B. Midcarpaljoint
Joints of the Hand
Joints of the Hand A. Common carpometacarpal joint B. Carpometacarpal joint of thumb C. Metacarpophalagealjoints D. Interphalangeal joints
Pelvic Girdle
The Innominate Bone
The Ilium
The Ischium
ischial tuberosity
Iliac Crest
The Pubis
superior rami
inferior rami
pubic symphysis
Acetabulum
The Sacrum
The Sacroiliac Joint
The Symphysis Pubis
The Lumbosacral Joint
The Sacrococcygeal Joint
The Hip Joint
Coccys
Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
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Cartes-fiches
Biceps femoris
B3
Gluteus medius
A2
Gluteus minimus
A3
Tensor fascia lata
B1
Piriformis
C1
Obturator internus and externus
C2
Gemelussuperior and inferior
C3
Quadratus femoris
C4
Psoas major
D1
Psoas major
D2
Psoas major
D3
Rectus femorois
D4
Sartorius
D5
Adductor magnus
E1
Adductor longus
E2
Adductor longus
E3
Gracilis
E4
coronal plane
sagittal plane
transverse plane
avascular
not contain blood vessels
aneural
keine nerven enthalten
cartilage
The perichondriumis
The perichondriumis a vascular collagenous connective tissue that surrounds the cartilage and its vessels supply nutrients to the cells of cartilage.
Hyaline Cartilage
Fibrous Cartilage
Chondrocytes
are the only cells found in healthy cartilage. They produce and maintain the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of collagen and proteoglycans
Chondroblasts
Sie produzieren alle Komponenten der Knorpelgrundsubstanz (Knorpelmatrix) wie Typ-II-Kollagen und Glykosaminoglykane (vor allem Chondroitinsulfat, Keratansulfat und Hyaluronsäure) und geben sie an die Umgebung ab
Chondrogenesis
Chondrogenesis is the process by which cartilage is developed
Osteochondroprogenitor cells
Osteochondroprogenitor cells are progenitor cells that arise from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the bone marrow. They have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts or chondrocytes depending on the signalling molecules they are exposed to, giving rise to either bone or cartilage respectively. Osteochondroprogenitor cells are important for bone formation and maintenance.
Osteocytes
Osteocytes are networked to each other via long cytoplasmic extensions that occupy tiny canals called canaliculi, which are used for exchange of nutrients and waste through gap junctions.
osteoclast
An osteoclast (from the Greek words for "bone" (ὀστέον), and "broken" (κλαστός)) is a type of bone cell that breaks down bone tissue
bone types
Compact bone (a firm, dense outer layer)
Cancellous (spongy) bone
bones
synarthrosis
a solid joint, synarthrosis, which allows little or no movement
diarthrosis
a synovial joint, diarthrosis, which allows movement
Syndesmosis
Synovial Joints
Synovial Joints types
