Software Engineering BFH
Software Engineering BFH
Software Engineering BFH
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Lernkarten
Was ist der Grund für Software Validation and Verification
- show that a system conforms to its specification and
- meets the requirements of the system customer.
Welche 3 Stufen von Testing gibt es?
Zeichne den Ablauf auf
Development or component testing
Individual components are tested independently;
Components may be functions or objects or coherent groupings of these entities.
System testing
Testing of the system as a whole. Testing of emergent properties is particularly important.
Acceptance testing
Testing with customer data to check that the system meets the customer’s need
Includes usability testing
Nennen Sie die zwei Typen von Requirements, eklären Sie deren Eigenschaften und von wem wird es gelesen:
- User Requirements
- Aussagen in der natürlichen Sprache plus Diagramme der Dienstleistungen, die das System bietet und seine operativen Einschränkungen.
- Geschrieben für Kunden
- Wird gelesen von: Kundenbetreuer, Endnutzer, Client-Engineers, Vertrags-Manager, System-Architekten
- System Requirements
- Ein strukturiertes Dokument, in dem detaillierte Beschreibungen der Funktionen, System-Architekten Dienste und Betriebsbedingungen des Systems beschrieben werden.
- Definiert, was umgesetzt werden soll, kann ein Teil eines Vertrages zwischen Auftraggeber und Auftragnehmer sein.
- Die Systemanforderungen können in funktionale und nicht funktionale und Domänenanforderungen gruppiert werden, obwohl diese Gruppen manchmal nicht eindeutig getrennt oder sogar überlappen können.
- Wird gelesen von: Endnutzer, Client-Engineers, System-Architekten, Software Entwickler
Advances of Modeling (5)?
- Solve System and Software development problems methodically
- reduction of the system complexity
- evaluation before implementation
- Decomposition into independet modules (easier to implement)
- Reduction of design errors > reduction of dev. Costs
What is System Modeling (5)?
- The process of developing abstract models of a system, with each model presenting a different view or perspective of that system
- A graphical notation of a System
- A formal, mathematical description (z.B. ER for DB),
- A universal tool for different stakehoders
- It focuses on main aspects > incomplete
Welche Modellier Systempersketiven gibt es, nenne 4
- External: Context or environment of the System
- Structural: Organization of a System or Structure of the processed data
- Interaction: System - -Environment or Component -- Component
- Behavioral: Dynamic behavior of the System, Responds to events
UML elements can be put into 4 categories:
- Structural (class, object, use case, ..)
- Annotational (note)
- Grouping (package, modul, ..)
- Behavioral (activity, state, ..)
In any UML diagram
5 Diagrams for static aspects (Structural)
- Class D.
- Object D.
- Package D.
- Component D.
- Deployment D.
4 Diagrams for dynamic aspects (Behaivoral)
- Use Case D.
- Activity D.
- State D.
- Sequence D.
What does the UML Collaboration Notation show?
- Classes, Interfaces and other UML elementw which together realize a higher level task or abstraction.-
- Only conceptual not physikal
EP: What are Context models for?
- Illustrate the operational context
- what is outside the System boundaries
- definition of "out of Scope" on system level
- is based on user and system requirements
- Show the system and ist relationship with oder systems
- Show how the system is used with other systems -- z.B. With an activity Diagram
IP: Focus of interaction perspective
The interaction perspective focuses on the interaction of a system. This can be:
- External interaction: users / external systems can interact with our system
- Internal interaction: components / Classes intereract internaly
IP: Why interaction modelling?
- modeling user interaction is important identifying user requirements
- modeling system-to-system interaction: possible communication problems will be highlighted
- component interaction: helps understand if a proposed system structure is likely to deliver the required system performance and dependability
IP: Which Diagrams for interaction Models
- Use Case D.
- Activity D.
- Communication D.
- Sequence D.
SP: What does it show?
- organization of modules, components, classes, ..
SP: What kind of Structural Models?
- static models: system design --> Domain Model (simpl. Class diagram)
- dynamic models: orgnization when the system is running --> Object Diagram
SP: What does the Domain Model show?
- Concepts
- Associations
- Attributes
- NOT operations --> Similar Class Diagram
SP: How to Identify Classes (3)?
- Check for Typical Classes
- Noun Phrase Identification
- Responsibility-Driven Design (RDD)
Structural perspective: Responsibility-Driven Design: Which responsibilities are there?
- Doing
- Knowing
SP: Which information is on CRC Card?
- Class
- Responsibilities: What is the class doing?
- Collaborators: Does it know / need other classes
From user requirements to system design:
Use Cases -> System Context -> Architecture -> Class Model -> Design Models -> Implementation
Patterns: What is a Idiom?
- low-level pattern > describes the implementation of aspecifig aspect of a software component,
Patterns: What is a design Pattern?
- common structure of interacting objects to solve a general sw-design problem in a specifig context
- Generic
- Language independent
Patterns: What is an architectural Pattern?
- high-level pattern, descibes the fundamental structure of a sw-system and relations among it's participating sub-systems
Patterns: GOF - Classification
- Creational
- Structural
- Behavioral
Patterns: Advantages of Design Patterns ?
1. enable large scale reuse of S/W
2. Helps in improve developer communication
3. capture expert knowledge and design trade-offs and make expertise widely available
4. Well documented and understood
Patterns: Disadvantages of Design Patterns
1.Do not lead to direct code reuse
2. Complex in nature
3. they are deceptively simple
4. they are validated by experince and discussion
What is Model-driven engineering
an approach to software development in which a system is represented as a set of models that can be automatically transformed to executable code.
What is sw architecture?
- A model that describes how the sw is organized as :
- a set of components
- which communicate with each other
When do we design the sw architecure and why? (architectural design process)
- early stage of system design process
- often parallel with spec activities
- link between RE and sw design --> based on / parallel with context and domain model
Different levels of abstraction?
- individual programs (and their components)
- complex enterprise systems --> composed of other systems, programs, components
- distributed over different computers
- owned by different companies
Use of Architectural Models (5)?
- Stakeholder communication
- sh can understand the system and discuss --> no confusing detail
- System analysis
- analysis if the system can meet it's nf requirements
- Project planning
- planning & assigning responsibilities / ressources
- planning the interfaces and integration
- Documentation
- Complet model that shows
- the differnt components in a system
- interfaces
- connections
- Complet model that shows
- Large-scale reuse
- Architecture may be reusable
- Generic product may be developed in form of a framework
Architectural Representation form? How?
- Block diagrams (entities, relationships) > boxes and lines
- very abstract
- For stakeholders and project planing
- Cons: no types of relationships and no properties
- very abstract
- UML
- structure: component, package, deployment D.
- behavior: activity D.
- interaction: communication D and interaction overview
- For discusion with impl team, detailed planning, Model-Driven Engineering
- Cons: high effort for creation & maintainance
What is architectural design?
- creative process
- depending on type of system