bla
Menschliche Genomvariation
Genetic and physical maps
- Definition
- Einheit
997
Menschliche Genomvariation
Linkage disequilibrium
- Prinzip
996
Menschliche Genomvariation
Linkage disequilibrium; Quanitifikation
- D
--> Prinzip, Berechnung
995
Menschliche Genomvariation
Linkage disequilibrium; Quanitifikation; D
- Nachteile von D
- -> Angabe von L ohne diese Nachtteile
994
Menschliche Genomvariation
Linkage disequilibrium
- was wird dadurch ermöglicht?
993
Menschliche Genomvariation
Haplotype blocks
- Definition
992
Menschliche Genomvariation
Triangle plot
- Zweck
991
Menschliche Genomvariation
Haplotype blocks
- dependence on population hisory
990
Menschliche Genomvariation
Linkage analysis
- Prinzip
989
Menschliche Genomvariation
Linkage analysis
- Einheit
988
Menschliche Genomvariation
Linkage analysis; Example: May-Hegglin Anomaly
- was ist das für eine Krankheit?
987
Menschliche Genomvariation
Linkage analysis; Example: May-Hegglin Anomaly
- identifying the Gene
986
Menschliche Genomvariation
Assosciation studies
- Prinzip
985
Menschliche Genomvariation
Assosciation studies
- Numbers of cases and controls required for genomewide association studies
984
Menschliche Genomvariation
Assosciation studies
- A whole genome disease association study
for type 2 diabetes
983
Menschliche Genomvariation
Cancer genomics
- Goals
982
Menschliche Genomvariation
Cancer genomics; Gene centered approaches
-Prinzip
981
Menschliche Genomvariation
Cancer genomics; Whole genome projects
-Prinzip
- driver mutations vs passenger mutations
980
Menschliche Genomvariation
Cancer genomics
- using of expression analysis
979
Platzahler
...
Einführung
Genetics vs genomic vs functional genomics
781
Einführung
Funtional genomics; gene Expression anaysis
492
Einführung
Pharmacogenomics
- definition
-> Problem
493
Technolgie
Gelelektrophorese
-> Prinzip
494
Technolgie
DNA Sequenzierung; Sanger Methode
- Prinzip
495
Technolgie
DNA Sequenzierung;Capillary electrohoresis
496
Technolgie
DNA Sequenzierung; Pyrosequenzierung
- Prinzip
497
Technolgie
DNA Sequenzierung; Sequencing by Synthesis
- Prinzip
Sequencing by synthesis is also commonly referred to as «Illumina sequencing», for the name of the company that has developed the technology. It is one of the most popular high throughput sequencing technologies, because it produces massive amounts of accurate sequencing data.
It is performed on flow cells that are similar to microscope slides, but where each cell contains eight sealed reaction compartments (lanes) in which the sequencing reactions take place. Each lane can be used to sequence a separate sample of DNA, e.g., a separate genome.
Each lane is covered by a dense lawn of short, single stranded pieces of DNA (oligonucleotides) whose purpose is to hybridize to the DNA to be sequenced, to anchor this DNA to the flow cell, and to serve as primers for DNA polymerase. There are two different types of such oligonucleotides, each with a specific nucleotide sequence.
The process is also described in the first 2:30 minutes of the following video (the remainder of the video covers aspects of SBS that are more complex than those we cover in this class): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMyCqWhwB8E
Technolgie
DNA Sequenzierung; Future tehnologies
-> Ansatz
499
Technolgie
DNA Sequenzierung; Geschwindigeit
-> im Lufe der Jahre
500
Technolgie
Whole-genome shotgun sequencing
- Prinzip
- Problem
710
Technolgie
Whole-genome shotgun sequencing
-> Finishing
- Genauigkeit
711
Technolgie
Whole-genome shotgun sequencing
-> Sequencing coverage
712
Technolgie
Whole-genome shotgun sequencing
-> Sequencing annotation
- ziel
713
Technolgie
Sizes of genomes and numbers of genes ca. 3x109 base pairs
-> humans vs E coli
714
Technolgie
Genomewide expression analysis
- Ziel / prinzip
715
Technolgie
Microarrays
- was kann man damit messen
- Vorteil
- (grobes) prinzip
716
Technolgie
Hybridization
- Prinzip /Definition
717
Technolgie
Northern Blot
- nachteil gegenüber Microarrays
718
Technolgie
Basics of microarrays
- Prinzip
- cDNA
719
-
- 1 / 90
-
Lernkarten
Technologie
Proteomics
Mass analyzers used for Proteomics
- Prinzip
893
Technologie
Proteomics
Mass analyzers used for Proteomics
- Prinzip
894
Technologie
Proteomics
Stable-isotope protein labeling
- Prinzip
- Zweck
895
Technologie
Proteomics
Spatial information through Mass Spectrometry
- Prinzip
896
Technologie
Proteomics
The yeast two –hybrid assay
- Prinzip
The yeast two hybrid assay uses the fact that many eukaryotic transcriptional regulators have two parts or domains that can act independently of one another. One of them is the so-called DNA binding domain (DBD), which is responsible for binding of the transcription factor to DNA near a gene whose expression it regulates. The second is the transcriptional activation domain (TAD), which is responsible for interacting with a protein complex (not shown in the slide) that includes RNA polymerase, and that is bound near the transcriptional start site of the regulated gene. This interaction triggers the initiation of transcription of the gene. The yeast two-hybrid assay asks whether two proteins of interest (A,B) can physically interact. It requires fusing one protein to the DBD of a transcriptional regulator, and the other to the TAD of this regulator. These two ‘hybrid’ proteins are also sometimes called ’bait’ and ‘prey’, respectively. If the two proteins A and B can interact, they can bring these two domains together, which can then activate a gene’s expression. The gene used in this assay is a so-called reporter gene whose expression can be easily detected. It is merely used to ‘report’ whether gene expression occurred, and whether the two proteins A and B interacted.
Technologie
Proteomics
Protein Chips
- Prinzip / Zweck
898
Technologie
Proteomics
Protein Chips
- Herstellung
- Major classes of protein Chips
899
Technologie
Proteomics
Microfluidics
- Prinzip
900
Technologie
structural Proteomics
Importance of protein structure
- Beispiel
901
Technologie
structural Proteomics
Determining protein structure
- Prinzip
-> welche Ansätze gibt es
- Applications
902
Applications of structural information
- Structure-based drug design
- Designing drugs that target specific protein domains
- Better understanding of human disease
- Improvements in the design of industrial enzymes
Technologie
Reverse Genetics
- Examples
- Prinzip / Ziel
Examples:
- “High-throughput reverse genetics” using RNAi
- CRISPR-Cas
903
Technologie
Reverse Genetics
Ways to modulate gene activity
- Beispiele
- Prizip
904
Technologie
Reverse Genetics
RNAi
- was ist das?
- wo wurde es entdeckt?
905
RNAi depends on a system that the organism uses to detect double-stranded RNA viruses as well as other abnormal gene expression. This mechanism was initially characterized in the fungus Neurospora, where the phenomenon is known as quelling, and in plants, where it is responsible for resistance to the spread of virus.
Technologie
Reverse Genetics
RNAi mehcanism
- Prinzip
- Beteiligte Enzyme
-> was tun sie?
906
Technologie
Reverse Genetics
Systematic RNAi screens
- Prinzip
- in welchem Organismus besonders einfach?
907
Technologie
CRISPR-Cas
- Was ist das?
- Namensherkunft
931
Technologie
CRISPR-Cas; How it works in Nature
- 3 Komponenten
- Prinzip
-> Betiligte Dinge
932
Technologie
CRISPR-Cas; How it works in Nature
- Two major steps of the CRISPR-Cas immune response
-> Prinzip
933
Technologie
CRISPR-Cas; Using CRISPR-Cas for genome editing
- Prinzip
+ Vor/Nachteile
934
Technologie
CRISPR-Cas; Using CRISPR-Cas for genome editing
- Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
935
Menschliche Genomvariation
Monogenetic vs complex Diseases
936
Menschliche Genomvariation
Mendelian diseases
- Huntignton
- ZF
- Hämophilie
=> VErerbung
- Huntignton -> Dominant
- ZF -> rezessiv
- Hämophilie -> X-Linked
Menschliche Genomvariation
Mendelian diseases; Epidemiology
- Häufigkeit
-> welches sind die 2 Häufigsten?
937
Menschliche Genomvariation
Mendelian diseases; Catalog
- wie viele sind idenifiziert?
--> Autosomal / X / Y ?
938
Menschliche Genomvariation
Complex diseases
- Examples of well known complex-diseases
- Factors complicating the analysis of complex-diseases
939
Menschliche Genomvariation
Complex diseases
- Environmental contribution to complex disease
--> Beispiel Diabetes Typ 2
940
Menschliche Genomvariation
Complex diseases; Identifying disease genes
- Prinzip
941
Menschliche Genomvariation
Complex diseases; SNPs
- Häufigkeit
- Nutzen
942
Menschliche Genomvariation
Complex diseases; SNPs
- SNP genotyping technology
--> Prinzip
943
Menschliche Genomvariation
Recombination (review)
998
Menschliche Genomvariation
Genetic and physical maps
- Definition
- Einheit
997
Menschliche Genomvariation
Linkage disequilibrium
- Prinzip
996
Menschliche Genomvariation
Linkage disequilibrium; Quanitifikation
- D
--> Prinzip, Berechnung
995
Menschliche Genomvariation
Linkage disequilibrium; Quanitifikation; D
- Nachteile von D
- -> Angabe von L ohne diese Nachtteile
994
Menschliche Genomvariation
Linkage disequilibrium
- was wird dadurch ermöglicht?
993
Menschliche Genomvariation
Haplotype blocks
- Definition
992
Menschliche Genomvariation
Triangle plot
- Zweck
991
Menschliche Genomvariation
Haplotype blocks
- dependence on population hisory
990
Menschliche Genomvariation
Linkage analysis
- Prinzip
989
Menschliche Genomvariation
Linkage analysis
- Einheit
988
