AIT Chapter 6 Internet of Things

Questions about the lecture 'Advanced Internet Technology' of the RWTH Aachen Chapter 6 Internet of Things

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This flashcard set covers advanced topics in the Internet of Things (IoT) at a university level. It delves into key concepts like CoAP, RPL, and 6LoWPAN, focusing on their characteristics, setup, and communication protocols. The flashcards explore resource discovery, transaction models, and architectural styles, providing insights into how these technologies integrate constrained nodes into the IPv6 world. Ideal for students and professionals in computer science, this set helps understand the intricacies of IoT communication and networking.

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05.02.2017 / 03.10.2018

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What is the definition of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) in ROLL?

Directed graph without cycles

What is the definition of a destination oriented DAG (DODAG) in ROLL?

DAG rooted towards a single destination

What is an alternative description for DODAGs in ROLL?

RPL instance

What are the characteristics of an RPL instance in ROLL? [3]

1. Defines one optimization objective

2. Based on metrics with link (Reliability, latency) and node properties (Powered)

3. Run multiple concurrently for different optimization criteria

What are the characteristics for the rank in RPL instance in ROLL? [3]

1. Relative position in DODAG

2. Strictly increasing from root

3. Avoid and detect loops

How does a construction of an RPL instance looks like? [5]

1. Send periodically link-local multicast DIO messages

2. Typically send by DODAG root

3. Receiver uses DIO to join new DODAG or maintain existing one

4. Send DIS message to solicit a DIO

5. Choose (only) parents minimizing path cost to the root

What are the flows in LLNs? [2]

1. Many-to-one (Sensors → sink/gateway)

2. One-to-many (Gateway → sensors/actuators)

What are the different control messages in ROLL? [3]

1. DAG information object (DIO)

2. DAG information solicitation (DIS)

3. Destination advertisement object (DAO)

What are the characteristics of the DAG information object (DIO)? [3]

1. To discover RPL instance

2. Learn its configuration

3. Select DODAG parents

What is the characteristic of the DAG information solicitation (DIS)? [1]

Solicit DODAG information object from RPL node

What is the characteristic of the Destination advertisement object (DAO)? [1]

Propagate destination information upwards in DODAG

What does CoRE stand for in IoT?

Constrained representational state transfer (RESTful) environments (2004)

What are the characteristics of the architectural style for communicating with services regarding CoRE? [5]

1. Client/server paradigm (based on HTTP get/put/post/delete)

2. Stateless communication (as HTTP provides)

3. Caching on client side (as HTTP allows)

4. Uniform interfaces

5. E.g. the web

Why can’t HTTP/TCP be used for CoRE? [3]

1. Huge protocol stack

2. Lot of OH

3. Retransmission of TCP not suitable due to lossy links

What does CoAP stand for in IoT?

Constrained application protocol

What are the characteristics of CoAP? [6]

1. RESTful protocol

2. Synchronous and asynchronous

3. Specialized on M2M applications

4. Easy translation to/from HTTP

5. No replacement for or general HTTP compression

6. Not separate from web

What are the characteristics of the transaction model in CoAP? [3]

1. Lightweight transport as CoAP is defined for UDP

2. Messaging with CON NON ACK and RST

3. REST

What are the characteristics of resource discovery with CoRE link format in CoAP? [8]

1. Web linking as per RFC 5988

2. Discover links hosted by CoAP servers

3. ‘GET /.well-known/core’

4. Returns link-header style format

5. Timeout if no ACK to a CON message

6. Observation after first CON message, notify sender about change

7. Block transfer with size and flag

8. Use proxy before server to reduce network load

What does the link-header style format for resource discovery with CoRE link format in CoAP consists of? [5]

1. URL

2. Relation

3. Type

4. Interface

5. Content-type

What are further aspects of IoT? [2]

1. Cloud, fog computing for storing/processing sensor data

2. SDN for configuring Internet paths

What are the complexity of the commercial world regarding the Internet of things (IoT)? [4]

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1. Complex

2. Diversity of link layer technologies and application areas

3. Restrict to small multi-hop networks for robustness

4. Communicate with remote services via gateways

How to approach on connecting things (IoT)? [3]

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1. Adapt Internet architecture IP

2. Gateways can locally represent sensor nodes if necessary

3. No single protocol stack but inter-operable network communication

What does 6LoWPAN stands for?

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IPv6 over low power wireless personal area network

Which devices exist in a 6LoWPAN? [3]

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1. Host 2. gateway (dual stack) and 3. sensor node

Which layers are similar for all 6LoWPAN devices? [3]

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1. Application layer

2. Transport layer (TCP/UDP)

3. Network layer (IP)

What is the specification of the lowest layer for the host regarding 6LoWPAN devices?

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Ethernet or other MAC/PHY

What is the specification of the lowest layer for the gateway (dual stack) regarding 6LoWPAN devices?

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Ethernet or other MAC/PHY AND adaption layer 802.15.4 MAC/PHY

What is the specification of the lowest layer for the sensor node regarding 6LoWPAN devices?

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Adaption layer 802.15.4 MAC/PHY

What is the purpose of the adaption layer for 6LoWPAN?

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Integrates constrained nodes and networks into IPv6 world

Which topologies are supported by the adaption layer of 6LoWPAN? [3]

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1. One edge router via backhaul link

2. Several edge routers via backbone link

3. Ad-hoc isolated network

What are the four setup steps of the adaption layer for 6LoWPAN? [4]

1. Commissioning

2. Bootstrapping

3. Route initialization

4. Maintain 1-3

What are the characteristics of commissioning for the setup of the adaption layer for 6LoWPAN? [2]

1. Link-layer connectivity to devices

2. Compatible to physical and link-layer settings

What are link-layer settings of commissioning for the setup of the adaption layer for 6LoWPAN? [4]

1. Channel, modulation, data-rate

2. Addressing mode (16 or 64-bit)

3. MAC mode (beaconless or superframe)

4. Security (on or off, key)

What are the characteristics of bootstrapping for the setup of the adaption layer for 6LoWPAN? [3]

1. Address configuration

2. Discovery of neighbors

3. Registrations

How do addresses on the adaption layer for 6LoWPAN look like? [2]

1. 64-bit IPv6 prefix per subnet (P)

2. 64/16-bit interface ID (IID)

What are the three steps of auto configuring addresses due to neighborhood on the adaption layer for 6LoWPAN? [3]

1. Router discovery

2. Address generation based on prefix

3. Neighbor solicitation

How does router discovery works on the adaption layer for 6LoWPAN? [2]

1. Locate with router solicitation

2. Wait for periodic router advertisement with prefix

How does neighbor solicitation works on the adaption layer for 6LoWPAN? [2]

1. Duplicate address detection (DAD)

2. Resolve MAC addresses for known IP addresses

What is the purpose of header compression on the adaption layer for 6LoWPAN?

Increase application level throughput (So-called goodput)

Which properties are considered regarding header compression on the adaption layer for 6LoWPAN? [3]

1. Redundant header information (version, payload length)

2. Dynamic header content (Next header, traffic class, flow label)

3. IPv6 addresses (P,IID)

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What are the characteristics of the architectural style for communicating with services regarding CoRE? [5]

1. Client/server paradigm (based on HTTP get/put/post/delete)

2. Stateless communication (as HTTP provides)

3. Caching on client side (as HTTP allows)

4. Uniform interfaces

5. E.g. the web

Why can’t HTTP/TCP be used for CoRE? [3]

1. Huge protocol stack

2. Lot of OH

3. Retransmission of TCP not suitable due to lossy links

What does CoAP stand for in IoT?

Constrained application protocol

What are the characteristics of CoAP? [6]

1. RESTful protocol

2. Synchronous and asynchronous

3. Specialized on M2M applications

4. Easy translation to/from HTTP

5. No replacement for or general HTTP compression

6. Not separate from web

What are the characteristics of the transaction model in CoAP? [3]

1. Lightweight transport as CoAP is defined for UDP

2. Messaging with CON NON ACK and RST

3. REST

What are the characteristics of resource discovery with CoRE link format in CoAP? [8]

1. Web linking as per RFC 5988

2. Discover links hosted by CoAP servers

3. ‘GET /.well-known/core’

4. Returns link-header style format

5. Timeout if no ACK to a CON message

6. Observation after first CON message, notify sender about change

7. Block transfer with size and flag

8. Use proxy before server to reduce network load

What does the link-header style format for resource discovery with CoRE link format in CoAP consists of? [5]

1. URL

2. Relation

3. Type

4. Interface

5. Content-type

What are further aspects of IoT? [2]

1. Cloud, fog computing for storing/processing sensor data

2. SDN for configuring Internet paths

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