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Physiology

Nevian

160

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C. W.

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C. W.

About these flashcards

This flashcard set covers advanced topics in physiology at the university level, focusing on muscle activity, blood pressure regulation, and cellular processes. It delves into the mechanisms of motor control, cardiac function, and the role of proteins in physiological activities. The flashcards are particularly useful for students and professionals in medical and biological sciences who need a comprehensive understanding of human physiology and its underlying principles.

Flashcards

160

Students

Language

English

Category

Biology

Level

University

Created / Updated

19.01.2017 / 25.01.2017

Similar cards

Hormonal Control

HCI Secretion of the Parietal (Oxyntic) Cells

Regulation of HCl Secretion in the Parietal Cell

Excretion of Hydrophobic Waste Products into the Bile

Proteases

Absorption of Protein Degradation Products

Carbohydrate-Splitting Enzymes

Absorption of Monosaccharides

Lipases

Absorption of Lipids

Absorption of Water, Na and Electrolytes

Proteinverdauung

Secretion in the Stomach

Filtration in the Glomerulus

Overview of Na + and Water Reabsorption

Parameters and Possibilities of Regulation

The Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

Acid-Base Regulation

Buffers

The Bicarbonate Buffer System

Na+ -K+ -ATPase

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The open of the ion's cannels probability is influenced by:

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• membrane potential (voltage gated)
• binding of neurotransmitters (ligand gated)
• intracellular second messengers (e.g. Ca 2+ )
• prior history of opening (use dependence)

Nernst‘s equation

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Measuring and calculating the equilibrium potential for K + permeable membranes

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The Goldman-equation

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patch-clamp technique

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Structure and function of the Na + -channel

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The action potential (AP) - summary

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The refractory periode

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Gap junctions and electrical synapses

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Chemical synapses

Synaptic connection principles

Axoaxonic Synapse
Axodendritic Synapse
Axosomatic Synapse

Different sizes and types of synapses

Differentiation of synapse type in electron microscope

Excitatory Synapse (stimulierend)
Inhibitory Synapse (hemmend)

Neuromuscular endplate

Neurotransmitter is released in single packages (quanta).
Not every presynaptic action potential results in transmitter release.
Histogramm of the amplitudes of the endplate potentials shows maxima at multiples of 0.4 mV

The most important neurotransmitters

amine (acetylcholine, Katecholamine: (Noradrenalin Adrenalin Dopamin))
aminoacids
peptide

Synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters

Acetylcholine

Exocytosis – release of neurotransmitter

exocytosis

Fusion of vesicles with the cell membrane
Triggered by Ca2+ influx through voltage dependent Ca2+ channels when an action potential invades the active zone

Exozytose ist eine Art des Stofftransports aus der Zelle heraus. Dabei verschmelzen, „fusionieren“ im Cytosol liegende Vesikel mit der Zellmembran und geben so die in ihnen gespeicherten Stoffe frei.

endocytosis

Budding of vesicles
Vesicles can locally be recycled and loaded with neurotransmitter again or they are cleared via the endosome system

Die Endozytose ist ein zellulärer Vorgang zur Aufnahme von Flüssigkeit oder Partikeln aus der Umgebung einer Zelle durch Einstülpung von Bereichen der Zellmembran

Glutamate receptors

AMPA und Kinat receptors

NMDA Rezeptor

AMPA und Kinat Rezeptor: wird permeabel für Na + und K + wenn Glutamat bindet.
NMDA Rezeptor: Wird permeabel für Na + und Ca 2+ wenn Glutamat bindet und wenn durch Depolarsation das Mg 2+ Ion, dass die Pore blockiert, entfernt wird (Koinzidenz-Detektion)