Englisch
Applied Linguistic 2
Applied Linguistic 2
Phonetics:
Give phonetic symbol and describe every vowel in this word:
experience
Vowels are highlighted.
BE: /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ AE: /ɪkˈspɪriəns/
Phonetics:
Give phonetic symbol and describe every vowel in this word:
utilitarianism
Vowels are highlighted.
BE: /juːtɪlɪˈteəriənɪzəm/ AE: /juːtɪlɪˈteriənɪzəm/
Phonetics:
Give phonetic symbol and describe every vowel in this word:
technology
Vowels are highlighted.
BE: /tekˈnɒlədʒi/ AE: /tekˈnɑːlədʒi/
Phonetics:
Give phonetic symbol and describe every vowel in this word:
arrangement
Vowels are highlighted.
/əˈreɪndʒmənt/
Phonetics:
Give phonetic symbol and describe every vowel in this word:
agree
Vowels are highlighted.
/əˈɡriː/
Phonetics:
Give phonetic symbol and describe every vowel in this word:
Christopher
Vowels are highlighted.
/ˈkrɪstəfə/
Phonetics:
Give phonetic symbol and describe every vowel in this word:
meanwhile
Vowels are highlighted.
/ˈmiːnˌwaɪl/
Phonetics:
Give phonetic symbol and describe every vowel in this word:
photography
Vowels are highlighted.
BE: /fəˈtɒɡrəfi/ AE: /fəˈtɑːɡrəfi/
Phonetics:
Give phonetic symbol and describe every vowel in this word:
exact
Vowels are highlighted.
/ɪɡˈzækt/
Phonetics:
Vowel descriptions
[i] [i:]
close front unrounded
Phonetics:
Vowel descriptions
[ɪ]
near-close near-front unrounded
Phonetics:
Vowel descriptions
[e]
mid front unrounded
Phonetics:
Vowel descriptions
[ɜ:] [ə]
mid central unrounded
Phonetics:
Vowel descriptions
[æ]
open front unrounded
Phonetics:
Vowel descriptions
[ɑ:]
open back unrounded
Phonetics:
Vowel descriptions
[ʌ]
near-open central unrounded
Phonetics:
Vowel descriptions
[u] [u:]
close back rounded
Phonetics:
Vowel descriptions
[ʊ]
near-close near-back rounded
Phonetics:
Vowel descriptions
[ɔ:]
mid back rounded
Phonetics:
Vowel descriptions
[ɒ]
open back rounded
Sociolinguistics:
What is jargon ?
Jargon:
- Defining features of a register
- special technical vocabulary associated with a specific area of work or interest.
- It helps to create and maintain connections among those who see themselves as “insiders” in some way and exclude “outsiders”.
Sociolinguistics:
What is the difference between the universalist and relativist approach?
The universalist approach examines what all languages have in common, while the relativist approach deals with the way how languages differ from one another, and how this difference influence the ways of how speakers think.
Sociolinguistics:
Language affecting behaviour (Whorf, 1939)
How does the slogan “empty gasoline drums” influence our judgment?
There is a difference between the linguistic meaning and physical meaning of the slogan.
Linguistically: Suggesting lack of hazard
The linguistic form “empty” would make us draw the conclusion that the drums are not dangerous.
Physically: Yes, because the drums might contain explosive vapour which is extremely dangerous.
Sociolinguistics:
Briefly explain the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis.
The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis consists of two versions.
The strong version is known as linguistic determinism which says language determines thoughts.
The weak version is known as linguistic relativity which states that our perception of the world is influenced by language
Phonetics:
What is the difference between broad and narrow transcription?
Broad transcription refers to phonemic transcription which disregards all allophonic differences, i.e. a set of multiple possible spoken sounds to pronounce a phoneme.
Narrow transcription, in contrast, does indicate the allophonic differences.
Phonetics:
Give phonetic symbol and describe every vowel in this word:
happiness
Vowels are highlighted.
/ˋhæpinəs/ or /ˋhæpɪnəs/
Phonetics:
How are consonants produced?
Consonants are produced when the air-stream is obstructed in the throat, or in the vocal tract before it leaves the body through the mouth or nose.
Phonetics:
Give phonetic transcription of:
milk
/milk/ or /mɪlk/
Language Acquisition:
My son is 19 months old. Which sentence structures should he be able to produce?
He should be able to produce two-word utterances, such as “baby chair” and “mommy eat”.
Language Acquisition:
Briefly explain the Comprehensible Input Hypothesis and its limitations.
The Comprehensible Input Hypothesis was proposed by Stephen Krashen.
It suggests that learners will acquire language best when the input is made to the comprehensible level.
Learner’s knowledge of context will then fill in the missing bits and learners will be able to understand any new language items.
It also suggests that as teacher talk is similar to child direct speech in first language acquisition, similar modification techniques can enable learners to acquire a second language.
However, this hypothesis neglects that L2 learners would need enormous quantities of L2 even if the teacher talk theory is true.
Language Acquisition:
What does the avoidance strategy mean in linguistic research?
How does it influence the result of error analysis?
The avoidance strategy means that learners only use linguistic structures that they are familiar with.
As a result, their language competence cannot be accurately evaluated.
Language Acquisition:
Why is it said that languages can be acquired but not mathematics?
Mathematics is learned through a conscious process of accumulating knowledge, typically in an institutional setting.
It is not acquired, because ability doesn’t gradually develop without conscious effort, as in the development of an L1 by young children
Pragmatics:
Which sentence is more context-dependent? Why?
(a) Elizabeth II is the Queen of Britain.
(b) I am the queen of Britain.
Sentence (b) is more context-dependent as certain details of the context, including the speaker’s identity, are needed in order to assess its truth.
In contrast, the truth of sentence (a) in no way depends on who says it, but just on fact/history.
Pragmatics:
Name three possible presuppositions of this statement:
Luke, a good friend of mine, stopped doing linguistics before he left England.
Possible answers:
The speaker has a good friend who is identified as “Luke”.
Luke did linguistics before.
Luke left England.
Pragmatics:
How is the function of this different in these two sentences:
(a) This watch was made in Japan. (b) Oh, I did this and that.
This in (a) performs a deitic and symbolic function,
while this in (b) performs a non-deitic and non-anaphoric function.
Sociolinguistics:
What is speech accommodation?
It's our ability to modify our speech style toward or away from the perceived style of person we are talking to.
Sociolinguistics:
What is convergence?
Attempts to reduce social distance. (Annäherung)
Sociolinguistics:
What different kinds of Register do you know? (3)
- Situational register, e.g. church, school, hospital
- Occupational register, e.g. among lawyers, among teachers, among doctors
- Topical register, e.g. about law, about language
Sociolinguistics:
Name 2 examples of Jargon (register).
e.g.
- linguistics register: morphology, syntax, diglossia
- Medical register: gyn and obs, zanoxyn
Sociolinguistics:
What is meant by: Throw a spanner In the works.
to make a mistake or screw up something
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- 1 / 95
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Cartes-fiches
Phonetics:
Give phonetic symbol and describe every vowel in this word:
Christopher
Vowels are highlighted.
/ˈkrɪstəfə/
Phonetics:
Give phonetic symbol and describe every vowel in this word:
meanwhile
Vowels are highlighted.
/ˈmiːnˌwaɪl/
Phonetics:
Give phonetic symbol and describe every vowel in this word:
photography
Vowels are highlighted.
BE: /fəˈtɒɡrəfi/ AE: /fəˈtɑːɡrəfi/
Phonetics:
Give phonetic symbol and describe every vowel in this word:
exact
Vowels are highlighted.
/ɪɡˈzækt/
Phonetics:
Vowel descriptions
[i] [i:]
close front unrounded
Phonetics:
Vowel descriptions
[ɪ]
near-close near-front unrounded
Phonetics:
Vowel descriptions
[e]
mid front unrounded
Phonetics:
Vowel descriptions
[ɜ:] [ə]
mid central unrounded
Phonetics:
Vowel descriptions
[æ]
open front unrounded
Phonetics:
Vowel descriptions
[ɑ:]
open back unrounded
Phonetics:
Vowel descriptions
[ʌ]
near-open central unrounded
Phonetics:
Vowel descriptions
[u] [u:]
close back rounded
Phonetics:
Vowel descriptions
[ʊ]
near-close near-back rounded
Phonetics:
Vowel descriptions
[ɔ:]
mid back rounded
Phonetics:
Vowel descriptions
[ɒ]
open back rounded
