Cross Cultural Management
Cross Cultural Management
Cross Cultural Management
Name two unformal institutions
Regligion
Tradition
Name the 4 HRM Theories/Frameworks
The matching model (Michigan Model / Best-Fit Appraoch)
The Harvard Model (more holistic)
The David Guest Model (Link between HRM and perfomance)
The Bath people and perfomance model
After the Bath people and performance model, what are the 3 key areas where managers have influence on individual performance?
Ability
Motivation
Opportunity
What does the skillset of a global leader consist?
System skills
Interpersonal skills
Attitudes & orientations global mindset
Threshold traits
Global knowledge
What is the bigest reason for failure of a global leader?
Inability to find the right balance between Dominance and Accommodation
- to adapt to the local culture and enjoy life
- to develop and maintain good realtionships wiht host nationals
- to complete the task related goals of the assignment
What are the for types of mulitcultural individuals?
Marginals (more than one culture but feel disassociated with both)
Separated (keep their cultural identities apart and identify with one or the other)
Integrated (merge their culturs toghether--> new hybrid culture)
Cosmopolotans (identify with many cultures)
How can manager enable innovative Teams?
• Hire for mission
• Promote psychological safety
• Create diversity
• Value teamwork
The MBI Approachs helps managers to create a innovative diverse culture..what does MBI stand for?
M Map = Understand the differences
B Bride = Communicate across the differences
I Integrate = Manage the differences
Due to the MC Kinsey study of Managing cultural difference during a merger, which 3 steps helps for best result?
1. Diagnose how the work gets done
2. Set priorities
3. Hard-wire and support change (hard-wire habit)
Which global strategy is described?
decentralized decision, adapt to local market (KFC)
Multi-domestic
Which global strategy is described?
global scale efficiencies and local responsiveness (Partnerships) (Amazon)
Transnational
Which global strategy is described?
Centralized decisions, low adaption, economies of scale (CAT)
Global
Which gloabal Strategy is descirbed?
market entry through export and licenses (Harley Davidson)
International
What is the difference between the Uppsala model and the Born Global Model?
Uppsala Model = Grow over time and enter first countries with similar culture, language etC
Born Global = Exploit a global niche and internationalize very quickly
What does the ERPG Framework stands for?
E – Ethnocentric (decision made at HQ, no adaptation, domestic market drive international strategy) Harley
P – Polycentric (every market is uniqueness, equally importance to every market, subsidiary have decision-making autonomy) MC Donalds
R – Regiocentric (Regional strategy and culture, regional autonomy in decision making,) Adidas
G – Geocentric (global approach, nationality is ignored, global mindset,) Intel
What does the AAA Global Strategy Framework stands for?
• Adaption (Tailoring products to suit local preferences)
• Aggregation (economies of scale by regional/global efficiencies)
• Arbitrage (Exploiting differences rather than adapting them)
Name three different strategys for managing cultural differences
• Ignore (Ethnocentric, top-down, efficiency, cultural assumption = irrelevant)
• Minimize (Regiocentric, top-down or bottom-up, adaptability, cultural assumption = a problem/threat)
• Utilize (Geocentric, all channels, Synergy, cultural assumption = opportunity, advantage)
Due to the HBR Article "Leaders Can Adapt top uncertain times" Covid-19 had a major impact on how people work and HR Manager need to adjust to it. What is the recommended solution?
• Shifting from complicated to complex
• Foster a trust culture
• Make your company values foundational:
o Value: Communication
o Value: Trust
o Value: Employee engagement
What are the three different strategys to implement CSR
Global CSR Approach
Transnational CSR Approach
Local CSR Approach
Doe to the HBR Article "Coronavirus is Putting CSR to the Test by Mark R.Kramer" companies can prove their CSR capabilites now with corona to which parties?
Employes
Small Suppliers
Health Care
Communities
What are the 4 different ways/approaches to measure culture?
• World Value Survey (WVS)
• GLOBE – Model
• Hofstede cultural dimensions
• CAGE – Model
How are the two axis of the World Value Survey (WVS) called?
• Survival vs. Self-Expression Values
• Traditionnel vs. Secular-rational Values
What are the 6 Hofstede Cultural Dimensions?
• Power distance(how people accept unequal distribution of power)
• Individualism vs. collectivism
• Masculinity vs. femininity (masculine = aggressive leaders)
• Uncertainty avoidance
• Time orientation (long term – short term)
• Indulgence (how open is the society for allowing gratification of basic human drives)
For what are the letters of the CAGE-Modell stand for?
• Culture (Values, norms, rules that form the behavior of people and organizations
• Administrative (Historical and current legal and political differences between two countries)
• Geographic (Size, transport and infrastructure, climatic differences)
• Economic (Income, purchasing power, distribution of wealth (gini) GDP)
What are the five Key Learnings of the HBR Article “Getting to Si, Ja, Oui, Hai, and Da”
• Adapt the way you express disagreement
• Know when to bottle it up or let it all pour out
• Learn how the other culture builds trust
• Avoid yes-or-no questions
• Be careful about putting it in writing
What are the two dimensions after the countires got mapped in the HBR Article “Getting to Si, Ja, Oui, Hai, and Da”?
Emotionally Expressive vs. Emotionally Unexpressiv
Confrontational vs. Avoids Confrontation
What are the Myths of convergence?
• Myth 1: The world is getting smaller
• Myth 2: Management is management
• Myth 3: Global integration means standardization
What are the three main pillars in which culture is explained?
1. Individual personality traits (for example the GeniusU Project; Dynamo, Blaze, Tempo, Steel)
2. Country level institutional configurations (cultural map by E.Meyer)
3. How others see you and you see them (Johari Window)
How is Culture defined by Margaret Mead ?
Culture is shared patterns of behavior
What is culture by Ed Schein?
Pattern of basic assumptions – to cope with problems – considered valid – taught to new members
What are the three levels of culture by Schein (1985) and name some examples.
1. Artefacts
a. Objects (Art, Buildings, Products, uniforms)
b. Verbal Expressions (Nicknames, Myths, Speeches, Theories)
c. Activities (Meetings, Rituals, Traditions, Games)
2. Beliefs and values
a. Beliefs (Statements of facts, what is real?, what is important?
b. Values (social principles of what is right)
c. Norms (unwritten rules to know proper, expected behavior
3. Basic Assumptions
• Underlaying world view that is articulated in espoused believes and values
• Assumptions explain a deeper why
What is important when studying culture?
be aware of stereotypes and avoid thinking in them
What are two approaches to study culture?
1. Interpretative Approach
- Qualitative
- Quantitative
2. Comparative quantitative studies
Name some cultural spheres
National Culture
Regional Culture
Organizational Culture
Professional Culture
Deparment/Division Culture
Employee's Culture
What are the key elements of Organizational Structure (OS)
• Work specialization
• Departmentalization
• Chain of command (Hierarchy)
• Span of control
• Centralization and Decentralization
• Formalization
Which Management style is described?
o Efficiency performance
o Leadership as authoritarian
o Top down decision and communication
o Theory X
Task Orientation
Which management style is described?
o Employee satisfaction
o Individual as social¨
Relationship Orientation
Which management style is described?
o Personal Development
o Theory Y
o Multiple Channels Decision and communicatios
Task & Relationship Orientation
Which managementstyle is described?
o Focus on highly employer motivation and building up a family culture
o Lifelong job security
o Caring also about employers’ private life
o Most common in Asia
Theory Z (Ouchi – Japanese)
What are the two types of cultural differences after Chroust?
- Communication orientated layers
- Socio-cultural layers
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Flashcards
What does the ERPG Framework stands for?
E – Ethnocentric (decision made at HQ, no adaptation, domestic market drive international strategy) Harley
P – Polycentric (every market is uniqueness, equally importance to every market, subsidiary have decision-making autonomy) MC Donalds
R – Regiocentric (Regional strategy and culture, regional autonomy in decision making,) Adidas
G – Geocentric (global approach, nationality is ignored, global mindset,) Intel
What does the AAA Global Strategy Framework stands for?
• Adaption (Tailoring products to suit local preferences)
• Aggregation (economies of scale by regional/global efficiencies)
• Arbitrage (Exploiting differences rather than adapting them)
Name three different strategys for managing cultural differences
• Ignore (Ethnocentric, top-down, efficiency, cultural assumption = irrelevant)
• Minimize (Regiocentric, top-down or bottom-up, adaptability, cultural assumption = a problem/threat)
• Utilize (Geocentric, all channels, Synergy, cultural assumption = opportunity, advantage)
Due to the HBR Article "Leaders Can Adapt top uncertain times" Covid-19 had a major impact on how people work and HR Manager need to adjust to it. What is the recommended solution?
• Shifting from complicated to complex
• Foster a trust culture
• Make your company values foundational:
o Value: Communication
o Value: Trust
o Value: Employee engagement
What are the three different strategys to implement CSR
Global CSR Approach
Transnational CSR Approach
Local CSR Approach
Doe to the HBR Article "Coronavirus is Putting CSR to the Test by Mark R.Kramer" companies can prove their CSR capabilites now with corona to which parties?
Employes
Small Suppliers
Health Care
Communities
