Cross Cultural Management

Marginals (more than one culture but feel disassociated with both)

Separated (keep their cultural identities apart and identify with one or the other)

Integrated (merge their culturs toghether--> new hybrid culture)

Cosmopolotans (identify with many cultures)

• Hire for mission
• Promote psychological safety
• Create diversity
• Value teamwork

M Map = Understand the differences

B Bride = Communicate across the differences

I Integrate = Manage the differences

1. Diagnose how the work gets done
2. Set priorities
3. Hard-wire and support change (hard-wire habit)

Multi-domestic

Transnational

Global

International

Uppsala Model = Grow over time and enter first countries with similar culture, language etC

Born Global = Exploit a global niche and internationalize very quickly

E – Ethnocentric (decision made at HQ, no adaptation, domestic market drive international strategy) Harley
P – Polycentric (every market is uniqueness, equally importance to every market, subsidiary have decision-making autonomy) MC Donalds
R – Regiocentric (Regional strategy and culture, regional autonomy in decision making,) Adidas
G – Geocentric (global approach, nationality is ignored, global mindset,) Intel

• Adaption (Tailoring products to suit local preferences)
• Aggregation (economies of scale by regional/global efficiencies)
• Arbitrage (Exploiting differences rather than adapting them)

• Ignore (Ethnocentric, top-down, efficiency, cultural assumption = irrelevant)
• Minimize (Regiocentric, top-down or bottom-up, adaptability, cultural assumption = a problem/threat)
• Utilize (Geocentric, all channels, Synergy, cultural assumption = opportunity, advantage)

• Shifting from complicated to complex
• Foster a trust culture
• Make your company values foundational:
      o Value: Communication
      o Value: Trust
      o Value: Employee engagement

Global CSR Approach

Transnational CSR Approach

Local CSR Approach

Employes

Small Suppliers

Health Care

Communities

• Survival vs. Self-Expression Values

• Traditionnel vs. Secular-rational Values

• Power distance(how people accept unequal distribution of power)
• Individualism vs. collectivism
• Masculinity vs. femininity (masculine = aggressive leaders)
• Uncertainty avoidance
• Time orientation (long term – short term)
• Indulgence (how open is the society for allowing gratification of basic human drives)

• Culture (Values, norms, rules that form the behavior of people and organizations
• Administrative (Historical and current legal and political differences between two countries)
• Geographic (Size, transport and infrastructure, climatic differences)
• Economic (Income, purchasing power, distribution of wealth (gini) GDP)

• Adapt the way you express disagreement
• Know when to bottle it up or let it all pour out
• Learn how the other culture builds trust
• Avoid yes-or-no questions
• Be careful about putting it in writing

Emotionally Expressive vs. Emotionally Unexpressiv

Confrontational vs. Avoids Confrontation

• Myth 1: The world is getting smaller
• Myth 2: Management is management
• Myth 3: Global integration means standardization

1. Individual personality traits (for example the GeniusU Project; Dynamo, Blaze, Tempo, Steel)

2. Country level institutional configurations (cultural map by E.Meyer)

3. How others see you and you see them (Johari Window)

Culture is shared patterns of behavior

Pattern of basic assumptions – to cope with problems – considered valid – taught to new members

1. Artefacts
          a. Objects (Art, Buildings, Products, uniforms)
          b. Verbal Expressions (Nicknames, Myths, Speeches, Theories)
          c. Activities (Meetings, Rituals, Traditions, Games)

2. Beliefs and values
          a. Beliefs (Statements of facts, what is real?, what is important?
          b. Values (social principles of what is right)
          c. Norms (unwritten rules to know proper, expected behavior

3. Basic Assumptions
           • Underlaying world view that is articulated in espoused believes and values
           • Assumptions explain a deeper why

be aware of stereotypes and avoid thinking in them

1. Interpretative Approach

•     Qualitative
•     Quantitative

2. Comparative quantitative studies

National Culture

Regional Culture

Organizational Culture

Professional Culture

Deparment/Division Culture

Employee's Culture

• Work specialization
• Departmentalization
• Chain of command (Hierarchy)
• Span of control
• Centralization and Decentralization
• Formalization