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Advantages: Very high expression levels, low cost, simple culture conditions, fast cell multiplication, relative scalability

Disadvantages: Minimal post-translational modifications, inefficent disulfide bond formation, poor protein folding, 

codon usage different to eukaryotes, inclusion body formation, potential endotoxin contamination

Advantages: Possible post-transcriptional modifications, correct protein folding, avoid co-production of toxic compounds

Disadvantages: In general more expensive than prokaryotic systems, complex growth requirements, limited scalabilty

Combines advantages from prokaryotes: high expression, fast growth, easy maintenance, easy scale-up, cheap

with advantages from eukaryotes: Able to perform most eukaryotic poast-translational modifications, protein folding, absence of endotoxins

Disadvantages: Glycosylation still different to mammals and plants, protein hyperglycosylation (N-glycan strutctures allergenic)

Advantages: Powerful secretory system, industrial-scale

Disadvantages: Complex genetics, lack of knowledge (physiology, biochemistry ...)

Advantages: Proper protein folding, proper post-translational modifications, several cell lines available

Disadvantages: Expresive culture media, slow growth, complicated technology, potential contamination animal viruses

Advantages: Extensive post-translational modifications, liquid culture compatible (several stablished lines available), baculoviruses have very restricted host range (non infectious for vertebrates), no need of helper viruses, thousands of high-value proteins industrially produced, e.g. vaccines, gene therapy, MultiBac- advanced baculovirus system for multiprotein complexes

Disadvantages: Expensive culture media, large volumes of virus needed, infected cells eventually die, no continous production, still different glycosylation pattern - "Humanized" insect cell lines expressing glycosylation machinery

Advantages: simple and inexpensive growth requirements, high biomass production (scalability), post-translational modification/processing, multimeric protein complexes, organ and development-specific promoters available

Disadvantages: variable yield, contamination with pesticides/fertilizers, impact of pests/diseases

Advantages: Extremly fast, incorporation of modified amino acids (fluorescence, biotin, radioactivity, heavy atoms, ...), lower sensitivity to toxic proteins, easy manipulation of reaction conditions, higher purity

Disadvantages: Small amounts of protein, expensive (based on commercial kits), only small scale