Immunology TEST 1

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This flashcard set covers university-level immunology, focusing on cells, antibodies, antigens, and immune responses. It delves into topics like flow cytometry, lymphocyte activation, and the roles of various immune cells such as NK cells and T cells. The flashcards are designed for medical students and professionals seeking to understand the intricate mechanisms of the immune system, including antigen recognition, immune responses, and diagnostic tests like the NBT reduction assay and flow cytometry. The set provides a comprehensive overview of both specific and non-specific immune responses, making it valuable for those studying medical science or pharmaceutics.

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177

Utilisateurs

Langue

Anglais

Catégorie

Médecine/Pharmacie

Niveau

Université

Créé / Mis à jour

28.04.2020 / 20.04.2021

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In the screening work-up of autoimmune disease, the test for

antinuclear autoantibodies(ANA), there should be used

flow cytometry

nucleic acid …

ELISA test with

Indirect immunofluorescence

In which serum fraction of the IgG antibodies are located

albumins

gammaglobulins

in any of the listed

Indicate the description of the innate immunity component and functions:

Macrophages, complement proteins; slow response

Epithelial cells, T cytotoxic lymphocytes, secretion of mucous glands, fast response

Tears, lysozyme, membrane attacking complex (MACs), phagocytosis

Granulocytes, T helper cells, NK cells, immune memory

Plasma cells, NK cells, basophils, complement cascade activation

Indicate the false sentence:

the Tc cells are usually CD8- positive CD8+

CD4+ lymphocytes recognize antigens presented in association with MHC class II molecules

CD4+ lymphocytes usually produce perforin and granzymes

CD8+ lymphocytes activate apoptosis by fas FasL ligation

Indicate the FALSE statement, describing the essential functions of immune

cells:

Dendritic cells – present antigens to helper lymphocytes (right)

NK cells – able to cytotoxicity(right)

Eosinophils – able to react against parasites(right)

…- recognize and present protein antigens to helper lymphocytes.

T cells – able to cytotoxicity and phagocytosis

Indicate the proper isotype control antibodies for antibodies planned to be used

in flow cytometry: anti-CD3 mouse IgG2b k isotope FITC labeled:

mouse IgG2a k isotype FITC labled

mouse IgG2b k isotype APC labled

anti CD3 mouse IgG2a k isotype FITC labled

mouse IgG2b k isotype FITC labeled

Indicate the sentence that describes properly the specific T cell immune

response:

The Th1 response is particularly important in infections and in the pathogenesis of atopic asthma

The Th2 response is particularly important in parasitic worm infections (infestations) and in the pathogenesis of atopic asthma

One of the major cytokine secreted by Th2 cells is IFN-gamma

Th7 cells most common cytokine profile is IL-4, IL-5, IL-13

IL-10 is secreted mostly by Th1 cells and promotes development of Th2response

Intracellular killing is a part of the mechanism

Chemotaxis

Absorption

Phagocytosis

Cytotoxicity

Isolation of a distinct T cell subpopulation from peripheral blood is possible by

using:

Density gradient isolation

Monoclonal antibodies against surface immunoglobulins of these cells

Monoclonal antibodies against surface antigens of these cells

Effector cells, recognizing the lymphocyte subsets

Markers for parallel monocytes and T-helper populations

identification should be

CD3, CD4, CD45

CD4, CD16, CD56

CD19, CD45, CD56

CD4, CD14, CD45

Measurement of FSC and SSC in flow cytometry:

does not require the use of antibodies

requires the use of antibodies

require the use of cytokines

requires the use of fluorochromes

Mitogens are substances used for an in vitro assessment of:

respiratory burst in phagocytes

b. lymphocyte proliferation

cell viability

phagocyte chemotoxins capacity

Monoclonal antibodies

Are identical in structure and biological activity like natural antibiotics

Do not activate the complement system

Are not used in ELISA assays

NK cells:

Have TCR

Have BCR

have a ligand for Fas

secrete defensins

Recognize antigens presented by MHC class II

Oxygen independent mechanisms of intracellular killing by phagocytic cells are

based on:

generating large amounts of free radicals

activation of enzymes, especially peroxidase complex NADPH

activation of enzymes especially proteolytic

activation of apoptosis in phagocytic cells

Parallel classification of NK cells and total T cells by flow cytometry

needs assessment of:

CD3, CD45, CD56

CD4, CD8, CD18

CD3, CD4, CD19

CD3, CD4, CD20

Parallel identification of monocytes and T helper cells in flow

cytometry needs assessment of:

CD3, CD4, CD45

CD3, CD8, CD25

CD4, CD16, CD56

CD4, CD14, CD45

Paraproteinemia in the peripheral blood plasma protein assessment this is:

Increased certain protein fraction

Genetically determined deficiency of a certain fraction

Appearance of additional protein fraction

Changes in the proportions of the normal protein fractions

Paraproteinemia, this is a serum protein electrophoresis result when:

Additional protein fraction appears. E.g. Bence-Jones protein

A normal protein fraction vanishes from serum, e.g. Bence-Jones protein

Serum proteins ratio vary

There is a decrease in all serum protein fractions

Peripheral blood centrifugation in a density gradient is applied for

Isolation of cell fractions from peripheral blood

Isolation of serum proteins

Eurythrocyte hemolysis

Phagocyte „respiration burst“ should be referred to as

trypan blue reduction in proliferating cells

formation of highly reactive toxic oxygen radicals in cytotoxic T cells and NK cells

formulation of highly toxic reactive oxygen radicals in neutrophils

nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction in B cells

Phagocytosis capable cells are basically:

T cells, B cells, macrophages

Macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells

Macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells

Each cell possessing a complement receptor

Phagotest in flow cytometry allows the assessment of:

phagocytes capacity of chemotaxis

phagocyte capacity of proliferation

phagocytes capacity of pathogen engulfment

phagocytes capacity of pathogen intracellular killing

Point the WRONG sentence:

The antigen / immunogen fragment bound by the antibody is an epitope

antibodies are produced only by plasma cells

Antibodies can occur in 2 forms - free and membrane-bound B cell

T lymphocyte receptor is a heterodimer composed of 2 transmembrane alpha and beta chains or delta and gamma chains.

antigens are substances that bind to antibodies and lymphocytic receptors, always causing an immune response

Recombinant human antibodies with modified hyper-variable

regions from human to murine, are called:

Humanized antibodies

Chimeric antibodies

Hyper-variable antibodies

Murinized antibodies

Select the FALSE sentence:

Cytokines may be secreted in auto- and paracrine manner and play synergistic and pleiotropic effects

An antigen is a molecule that binds to an antibody and/ or a lymphocytes receptor and always evokes the immune response

A portion of an antigen that is recognized by and antibody is called the epitope

Antibodies are produced by plasma cells exclusively, and may exist in two forms - free and bound to a B cell membrane

A T cell receptor is a heterodimer, made up of 2 transmembrane protein chains

Select the false sentence

T cytotoxic immunophenotype is usually CD8+

T helper cells often produce perforine and granzymes

TCD4+ lymphocytes recognice antigens presented with MHC class 2 molecules

TCD8+ lymphocytes activate apoptosis by Fas1

TCD8+ lymphocytes usually have cytolytic grains in the cytoplasm

Select the sentence that INCORRECTLY describes the immune tolerance:

An immature T lymphocyte in a thymus, that recognizes a self-antigen excessively, usually should receive a signal of apoptosis

The negative T cell selection is one of the central immune tolerance mechanisms

Some immature CD4+ T cells in the thymus, recognizing self-antigens excessively, do not die and are converted into regulatory T cells

The antigen recognition with no co-stimulatory signal usually results in the T cell anergy

The first signal of activation in the naive T cells usually results in their subsequences proliferation and transition into effector cells

Select the set of surface antigens that best characterize NKT cells:

CD3- CD16+ CD45+ CD56+

CD3- CD14+ CD16+ CD45+

CD3+ CD16+ CD45+ CD56+

CD3+ CD19+ CD45+ CD56+

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is associated basically with:

dysfunction of T cells and macrophages

selectively impaired B-cell function

Impairment of T cells, B cells and NK cells

T cells and B cells exclusively

dysfunction of phagocytes

Specificity of an antibody is determined by an amino acid sequence

located in:

hinge regions of the antibody

hypervariable regions of the Fab portion

framework regions of the Fab portion

heavy and light chains of the Fc portion

Superantigens are:

Antigens that stimulate very strongly specific T-cell clones

Antigens that stimulate more than one T cell clone

Antigens that are particularly strongly represented by antigen presenting cells

Antigens that, instead of activating the immune response, inhibit it

Antigens that react with a unique BCR receptor binding site

Superantigens can activate T cells in a particular way. This is:

TCR MHC class I complex binding

TCR BCR complex binding

TCR MHC class II complex binding

a fast fast complex binding

Superantigens should be defined as:

a single T-cell clone stimulating antigens

mainly different T-cell clones stimulating antigens

antigens that are particularly strongly presented by antigen presenting cells

antigens that activate the immune response instead of inhibiting it

antigens uniquely binding the B-cell receptor

Superantigens, these are antigens:

Strongly activating a distinct T cell clone

Activating nonspecifically many T cell clones

Presented strongly by an antigen presenting cell to the T cells

In contrast to the “normal” antigens inhibiting the immune response

Superantigens, these are antigens:

Strongly stimulating the antigen-specific T cell clone

Strongly stimulating different non-specific T cell clone

Particularly strongly presented by antigen presenting cells

Inhibiting rather than activating the immune response

T-cell anaerobes are:

short-term functional inactivation occurs when cells do not recognize the antigen to which they are specific

functional inactivation leading directly to cell apoptosis

one of the mechanisms of effective T cell activation

decrease in ATP level in T cell

functional inactivation, which occurs when cells recognize the antigen without sufficiently high levels of co-stimulation

TCR alphaBeta Immunophenotype, CD2 + CD3 + CD4- CD8 + CD16- CD19- CD20-

CD56- is the predominant phenotype in the population:

T regulatory lymphocytes

Auxiliary T lymphocytes

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

NKT lymphocytes

T γdelta lymphocytes

The agrose plate assay chemotactic index is determined by the

distance of the cell migration

Toward immunocompetent cell suspension

Toward a chemotactic factor solution

Toward the effector cell suspension

Toward a milipore filter

The antibody avidity and affinity properly describing statement is:

IgG monomer has lower affinity but higher avidity to antigen, then IgM pentamer

IgG monomer has higher affinity but lower avidity to the antigen, than IgM pentamer

IgG monomer has higher affinity to the antigen than IgM pentamer, and avidity should … antibody monomer

IgG monomer has lower avidity to the antigen than IgM pentamer, and affinity should… antibody monomer

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