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Lernkarten
Card, Mas, Moretti and Saez (2012): Inequality at work: The effect of wage transparency on job satisfaction
Experiment Treatments
Professors of Princeton and Berkley doing experiment at University of California (4 campuses)
Control Treatment: No mail
Infromation Treatment: Mail: Info about Website Bee and asked if they already knew about Website (they were not interested in the actual answer if you knew about it before). It was only for checking if they read it.
2nd step: survey about job satisfaction and job search intention and some democraphics and some questions to the use of the Bee Website
Card, Mas, Moretti and Saez (2012): Inequality at work: The effect of wage transparency on job satisfaction
Results
(They might have forwarded it: but would make effect between CG and TG smaller --> not so much a problem. Problems are more things that could make found results bigger.)
- They say on pay inequality: this is problematic, as this can make the effect bigger. --> Priming effect
- Info treatment gets 2 mails and Control only one. Smaller Response rate in the Info treatment to the survey.
--> how did they solve it: they made a placebo treatment with another group at the university of los angeles. They had the same mail containing pay inequality and also 1 mail before the survey but not mentioning the Bee Website, but to another data base showing other salaries of UC. And they say, if its those 2 things driving the effect, then we see the rise in job search intention also in the placebo treatment.
Priming effect
Just because you mention something, can have a effect on a stimulus later.
For example mentioning pay inequality in the mail of Card et al can have an effect on the survey about job satisfaction and intention to search for another job.
Nine verbal and three nonverbal charismatic leadership tactics
1. Metaphors: to simplify the message and trigger easy recall
2. Rhetorical questions: to create intrigue and suspense and direct attention to seeking the answer
3. Stories and anecdotes: to trigger imagery and recall, and identify a relevant moral
4. Contrasts: to define what should be done versus what should not be done
5. Three-part lists: to provide sufficient proof or completeness
6. Expressing moral conviction: to focus attention on moral justification and on doing what is right
7.Expressing the sentiments of the collective, essentially using cognitive empathy: to engender identification (via similarity) with the leader.
8. Setting high and ambitious goals: to make followers feel competent and focus their effort on a target
9. Creating confidence that goals can be achieved
Charismatic leaders also affect followers via nonverbal means that reinforce the message and convey the leaders’ emotional states, including
- Body gestures
- Facial expressions
- An animated voice tone
Antonakis, d’Adda, Weber & Zehnder (2022): “Just words? Just speeches?” On the economic value of charismatic leadership.
Field setting
The workers come from temporary agency.
They were paid to get the envelopes at the hospital, get the introduction and do the work at home.
Introductory speech of 5 minutes by professional actor.
Everyone earns 28.40 GBP
Advantages/disadvantages:
+ no spill over effect
+ no interaction effecnt
- less control
Spill over effect
By seeing how much the others work, my own work effort is influenced.
Antonakis, d’Adda, Weber & Zehnder (2022): “Just words? Just speeches?” On the economic value of charismatic leadership.
Result
significance between non-charisma speech and charisma speech.
significance between non-charisma speech and piece-rate treatment
Average cost per letter, charisma was the cheapest. significantly to the other 2 treatments. (does not include the cost for the speech tough)
No significance in quality difference
Alan, Corekcioglu & Sutter (2023): Improving workplace climate in large corporations
Program for leaders to improve work climate
what is organizational culture?
Cable, Gino, and Staats (2013): Breaking them in or eliciting their best?
Treatments
control treatment: normal training as described in background (orientation day, voice training, process training, supervision)
Individual treamtent: Speach by Wipro Leader about expressing oneself at Wipro, Lost at sea exercise (rank them), Answering questions to individuality (born to act, describe yourself as individual), Present themself to future work group, Fleece shirt and badge with their name on them. Were asked to wear them during 2 weeks training.
Organizational identity: Senior leader speach about values and organization, Star Performer speach about values of organization; Questions about organizational values (how can you fit in here in this organization), Receive fleece and batch with company name on it.
Cable, Gino, and Staats (2013): Breaking them in or eliciting their best?
Procedure and Sample
R Odds
p/(1-p)
Probability
Advantages and disadvantages of WFH
+ shows trust in employees
+ less travel time
+ less office space - save rent
- less interaction --> Team building
- less possible to introduce to company culture
- Company Culture
Bloom, Liang, Roberts & Ying (2015). Does working from home work?
Research Question
Experimental Design
Results
- run in china
- call center agent travel agency
- call center agent all sitting together in one area
- before intervention nobody was allowed to work at home
- average commuting (pendeln) time was 80 min
- teamleaders padrol the aisle
- in this case easy to monitor/measure how much they worked at home individually
- programm lasted for 9 month
- made questionaire who wants to work from home? (own bedroom, daily commute, less tenure, less long education, higher wage)
- people who wanted to work from home and fulfilled requirements where put in CG and TG.
- Treatment:
- Still supervised by teamleader, still office. 4 days at home a week
- it was not possible to switch out of homeoffice within 9 month (maybe good so the inproductive could still stay at home, to have better picture)
- Randomization: even birthdate --> treatment group in a ceremony of the chairman. + everyone knows its really random. -everyone knows they take part in experiment -you lost the lottery if you are in control group.
- Results:
- treatment group significantly better. mostly because people worked longer--> after experiment everyone could choose.
- does treatment have incluence on promotion probability? no significance. But if ou had higher performance, you are more likely to get promoted. if we control for performance, changes of getting promoted in CG are higher.
- Conclusion