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Cartes-fiches
Operant conditioning
non-reinforced behaviors extinguished
token-economies
Cognitive Therapy
BECK
How you think determines How you feel and act
focusing how persons thought lead to feelings of distress
failed test => "I am worthless => depression
Failed tests => "I can do better. I am smart" => No depression
Cognitive-Beahvioral Therapy
present issues => for example reationa emotive therapy (RET)
usnig both strateigeis (using your thoughts and chaniging behaviour)
A ction
B elief
C onsequence
General Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
excessive uncontrollable and pointless worry and apprehension
"freefloating anxiety"
not triggered by somehting special
60% of time worrying. 5 hours a day!
Diagnosis Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Excessive worry around for more than 6 months
restlessness, easily fatigued, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension
difficult to control worry
Prevalence Generalied Anxiety Disorder
5.7%
Females > Males
Heritability Generalized Anxiety Disorder
30%
Females > Males
Description Panic Disorder
4 or more of the following:
accelerated hear rate
sweating
shaking
shorness of breath
fear of dying
Intense fear peaks around 10 minutes
Lasts about 30 minutes
Prevalence of Anxiety Disorders
Definition
25 - 30%
Females > Males
Excessive worry, fear that somehting is going wrong. Out of proportion of actual threat.
Learned Fears
evolutionary reasons.
fearing snakes faster than rabbits
Obsessive-Compulsive Relatied Disorders
Highly intrusive, unpleasant and repetitive behaviors
disrupting daily life
Person knows it is obsessive
Various types of OCD
Contamination (Wahsing hands)
Harm/Doubt (House is on fire, checking)
Symmetry (Keeping everything in order)
Losing items of value (Hoarding)
Obsessions (No compulsions, mental rituals)
Prevalence OCD
Heritability
2.3%
Females > Males
29%
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
flaw in physical appearance, either nonexistent, barely noticeable
Phobias
excessive, distressing and persistent fear/anxiety of specific object or situation
impacts life very much
great lenghts to avoid stimulus
Diagnosis Phobias
Stimulus
persistent, unreasonable, excessive fear
6+ months
great lenghts to avoid stimulus
Prevalence Phobia
Social Phobia
12.5%
12%
Biological Reasons Phobia
overactive Locus coreleus
Fear centre (amygdala) overactive ("Aaahh!")
groupthink
modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus.
Group polarization
strengthening of orignial group attitude after the discussion of views within a group
Social facilitation
performing better when audience is watching
Social inhibition
performing less well if audience is watching, because it is not a "skilled" task
Milgram
Shocking experiment (65%)
Cognitive Dissonance
psychological discomfort from holding two or more inconsistent attitudes, behaviors or cognitions
(dancing to justing bieber)
actions =! attitude
Elaboration Likelihood model
Central route (LOGIC)
motivated, analytical audience
high-effort in processing
lasting changes
Periphreal Route (NICE)
not motivated
low effort
temporary change
Athletes ads
Different types of attitudes
Affective: "It makes me good to recycle"
Behavioural: "I make a difference in waste"
Cognitive: "The world needs recycling"
Just-World-Hypothesis
fully responsible for own fate
"Stop being poor, stop getting raped"
selfserving bias
I do a mistake= external/situation/unlucky
You do a mistake = internal/disposition/you are an asshole
Fundamental Attribution Error:
Greg is angry => he is a mean person (internal/dispositional)
Greg is angry => he lost his job (external/situational)
Reciprocal determinism
thought, feelings and behaviours influence immediate surroundings and opposite
Hans & Sybil Eysenck
Stability vs. neuroticism
superego control vs. psychoticism
temperament introversion vs. extroversion
Big 5 personalities
O peneness to new experiences
C onscientousness
E xtroversion
A greeableness
N euroicism
trait
adjective describing personality
allport
4500 words for describing people
cardinal, central, secondary trait
cardinal: dominating entire personality
central: typicall use to describe ourselves
secondary: situation specific
catell
from 4500 of allport down to 172 traits
Rogers
Who am I?
Ideal self vs. real self
(congruence)
Rotter incomplete sentence
My mother ...
complete them as fast as possible
Thematic apperception test (TAT)
8 - 12 ambiguous pictures
tell a story
story gives insight to person
Rorschach-Inkblot test
trying to get things you are dealing with
Useing freuds defense mechanisms (Perception)
