Aviation Managment

Mainly due to obligations at the airport. DUS has 2 RWYs but only one can be used at once acc. law.

Because the airports in NA are far away from the city centre and there is no need of protection..

• The growing imbalance between air transport needs and adequate airport and airspace infrastructure.
• Lack of airport growth potential.
• Operational Condition Limitations.

Because there is only one capacity, you cannot have competition is this field. It is regulated.

• Independence of the coordinator at a coordinated airport by separating the coordinator functionally from any single interested party.
• The system of financing the coordinator's activities shall be such as to guarantee the coordinator's independent status.
• Coordinator acts acc. to this regulation in a neutral, non-discriminatory and transparent way.
• Coordinator and the schedule facilitator must monitor schedules in cooperation with airport and ATC authorities.

Non Coordinated

• No constraints (Grenzen)
• No coordination in charge
• Data collection voluntary

Schedule facilitated (Helping airlines and airports with small changements in schedule, good for miled congestion)

• Some constraints applicable
• Schedule facilitator in charge
• Data collection
• Proposed schedule adjustments by facilitator are voluntary for airlines/operators
• No slot allocation
• No historical precedence (Priorität)

Cordinated

• All declared constraints applicable
• Coordinator in charge
• Data collection
• Slot allocation (Zuteilung) by coordinator is obligatory for airlines/operator
• Historical precedence
• Coordinator shall monitor usage slots

Balance betw. too much demand and capacity.

Obligatory has to be followed by the operator.

• RWY capacity for planning purposes
• Ramp Stand capacity
• Terminal/Pax capacity
• Restrictions like curfews or quota rules (Quota rules: Upgrade but only this amount of traffic)

"Slot" shall mean the permission given by a coordinator in accordance with this Regulation to use the full range of airport infrastructure necessary to operate an air service at a coordinated airport on a specific date and time for purpose of landing or TO as allocated by a coordinator in acc. with this Regulation (EEC 95/93).

For arrivals and departures to optimize and balance scarce airport system capacity and to contribute to a better balanced ATFM.

• Flights of Line Traffic
• Charterflights of Non Line Traffic
• Other commercial IFR-Flights
• Non commercial IFR-Flights
• Training Flights

Capacity Review: Meeting with airport, ATC, Slot coordination and Swiss

A series (minimum 5) slots allocated to an air carrier, entitles that air carrier to the same series of slots in the next equivalent scheduling period.
The air carrier has to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the coordinator that they have been operated, as cleared by the coordinator, at least 80% of the time during the scheduling period for which they have been allocated. Use - it - or - loose - it - rule

“An air carrier requesting slots at an airport on any day holding or having been allocated fewer than five slots at that airport on that day, or an air carrier requesting slots for a non-stop service between two Community airports where at most two other air carriers operate a direct service between these airports or airport systems on that day and holding or having been allocated fewer than five slots at that airport on that day for that non-stop-service.”

Different layers: 1-4 layers

Takes place twice a year: November and June

• Summer Schedule: April - October
• Winter Schedule: November - March

Open for airlines (IATA-members or non-members) and officially appointed coordinators.

Main task: Coordination/allocation of TO and arrival times (slots), evaluation alternatives, slot exchanges, bilateral evaluation projects.

• Slot publication in airport information system
• Slot changes
• Slot cancellations
• New slot requests
• Ad hoc slot management (less than 5 slots in a row)
• Slots for GA/BA
• Monitoring
• Statistics and Management Information
• Scenario Planning
• IT System Management

• Contribution to an optimized utilization of the infrastructure at the airport
• Identify significant and repetitive deviations of operated flights to cleared slots and bring about corrective action.
• Detect intentional slot abuse and stop it
• To assist in the determination of historics (Historic precedence is only accepted when 5 slots are flowing (not planned but flowing))

• CRS Monitoring, twice after Slot Handback deadline
  • To detect possible overbidding and blocking of slots
  • Shows time discrepancy airport slot-CRS publication
• Performance Monitoring, bi-weekly after start of season
  • Cumulative flight deviations
  • Determination of Statistical Significance
• SHL Monitoring, after end of season
  • Determination of Historical Precedence (80/20%)
• Weekly Ad-hoc Monitoring
  • No-show/Go-show (No flight or operate without a slot)
  • Significant deviations

• Europe has reached the saturation point (35'000 flight per day in Europe)
• population is stagnating in Europe
• USA has smaller growth than Europe
• More strict regulations (nightban)
• No space anymore for bigger airports or more RWYs

Paying fuel, taxes, travel agents, manufacturer

Air traffic because the global supply chain is dependent on air transport.

Easy Jet does not have the right to fly everywhere anymore within the EU.Bilateral agreement can change. Not all freedoms anymore. GB --> EU and back, that's it.

Leaving England is difficult because of home market. Operate from the EU--> Linkage to Swissair.

They make no money. It is only there to feed the long-haul flights. As an airline you can only operate short-haul at low cost level.

3 months before. Emirates rises prices 1 month before. --> Bonus wages/lower wages control the consumal behaviour.

1. Overfly another country
2. Make a technical stop in another country
3. Fly to another country
4. Carry freight and pax to the home country from another country
5. Carry freight and passengers between two foreign countries with starting and enging in the home country
6. Carry freight and passengers between two countries by an airline of a third country on two routes connecting in its home country
7. Carry freight and pay between two foreign countries without flying to the home country
8. Carry freight and passengers within a country by an airline of a third country on a route with origin / destination in its home country
9. Carry freight and pax between two destinations in one country without flying to the home country

2000 destinations, offer routes on the market but with codesharing.

• Bigger companies provide more OD's with comparably fewer legs

Sharing infrastructure like lounges

Airlines dominating a hub show comparably higher market shares (s-curve effect)

In general demand depends on income.

• Income depends on economic growth
• increased income or increased income expectations
• Low prices of airline tickets

-->Demand for air travel increases

• Leisure tourism
• International Business Tourism

2-3 times that of Western markets

• novel experience
• escape
• knowledge seeking
• fun and excitement
• rest and relaxation
• family and friends togetherness
• meet cultures
• recreation/sports

• natural and historical environment
• cleanless and safety
• easy-to-access and economical deal
• outdoor activities
• low ticket prices
• sunny and exotic atmosphere

• bigger planes have lower CASK‘s
• bigger airports are cheaper per PAX

• newer planes do have lower CASK‘s
• smaller planes are able to fly longer distances

See picture!

See picture!