Oncology
Cancer
Cancer
Kartei Details
| Karten | 77 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | English |
| Kategorie | Medizin |
| Stufe | Universität |
| Erstellt / Aktualisiert | 03.12.2019 / 08.03.2021 |
| Weblink |
https://card2brain.ch/box/20191203_oncology
|
| Einbinden |
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Chemotherapy
usually given via_ or _
blood tream, some oral treatments
Chemotherapy in _setting, sometimes _setting
outpatient, inpatient setting
chemotherapy
_is needed against _
additional mediciation is needed against SE
SE of Chemo
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss, nerve damage, reduction in white blood cells and risk of infection, organ damage (kidney, liver, lung, heart), loss of fertility
Hormone Therapy
some cancer are_
eg: 3x
drugs that block_to reduce_and_
treatment
hormone dependent
e.g breast and prostate
drugs that block homrones to reduce growth and slow down progression
treatment orally
targeted therapy
drugs that target specific 3x in cancer cells
specific changes, proteins or genes in cancer cells
targeted therapy
various mechanisms (4)
attention!
support or boost IS
stop growth of cancer cells
stop growth of blood vessels
kill cancer cells
cancer can develop resistance
Immunotherapy
drugs that_
_, _ developments
that support the IS to fight cancer
rapid current developments
Mechanisms Immunotherapy (4)
Flag cancer cells for destruction
Enhance immune response
modification of immune cells
tumor vaccines
Flag cancer cells for destruction (_)
monoclonal AB
Enhance immune response (_)
immune checkpoint inhibitors, immune modulating agents
modifiaction of immune cells
T-cells transfer therapy --> CAR-T-therapy
Chimetric antigen receptor T-cell therapy
Stem cell transplant
Transplantation of_
usually used in combination with_
treatment option in _ and _ (disease)
2 different stem cells
SE: 3x
Transplantatin of blood stem cells
usually used in combination with complete destruction of blood stem cells
treatment option in leukemia and lymphoma
treatment: autologous (patient stem cells) or allogenic (stem cell donor)
SE: graft vs. host disease (transplantat-gegen-wirt), infection, reduction of blood cells
Treatment Stem Cell Transplant
optimal treatment depending on 3x
need to consider individual situation and preferences of patient 3x
type, stage, prognosis
duration of life, dont harm, QoL
Tumor Board
(what is this)
interdisciplinary discussion of patient --> planning of treatment
Solid cancer (4)
Carcinoma (epithelium: skin, glands, organs)
Sarcoma (connective/ soft tissue: bone, muscle, fat)
Melanoma (pigment cells)
Brain tumors (glioma)
burden of cancer in CH (number)
41.000 new cancer cases and 17.00 cancer deaths
Men and Woman (prevalence)
1. Prostate, Lung, Colorectal
2. Breast, Colorectal, Lung
Burden WW (new and deaths)
18.1 mio new cases
9.6 mio cancer deaths
Caner dangerous
local effects
local damage to tissue
obsturction (GIT, blood vessel)
bleeding pressure and mass effects
Cancer dangrous
systemic (6)
Bllod clots
infection
organ failure
cachexia (weight lose, weakness and fatigues = wasting syndrome)
metastasis
iatrogenic (complications of treatment and diagnosis)
metastasis
what is this_
along_
casuses problems at metastasis site: _ (4)
spread of cancer to other body parts
along lymphatic cessels or blood stream
bone, liver, lung, brain
Cancer RF (a lot)
age, amoking, alcohol, obesity, diet, PA, carcinogenic substances, radiation, sunlight, infectious agents, immunosuppresion, genetics
RF Cancer-causing substances
2x
Examples (2.)
environmental or occupational
ex: toxins, coal smoke, asbestos, benzol, wood dust
RF radiation and sunlight
radiation (occupational, other RF)
Sunlight
radiology and radiation workers, medical examinations, flight traffic, radon gas, normal background radiation
Sunlight: UV light
Hepatitis B/C leads to
liver cancer
HPV leads to
cervical cancer
HIV leads to (4)
lymphoma, cervical cancer, liver cancer, kaposi's sarcoma
HP lead to
stomach cancer
Immunosuppression
HIV leads to
Transplant patients leads to (4)
HIV: AIDS associated cancers
Transplant: skin, lung, liver, kidney cancer
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