Bili ZK Cooperation and Conflicts

Norms are conceptions of what constitutes 'correct' behaviour within a group. They control the behaviour of the individual group members and thus reinforce the feeling of solidarity within the group. Norms restrict freedom, but they also convey a sense of security. Example: If you are part of a clique, you have to wear a cap otherwise you will be considered uncool.

Sanctions are the responses of the group to the behaviour of its members in compliance with or deviating from the relevant norms. Example: Paul complies with the norms of the team. Everyone respects him, which is why he is chosen to represent the interests of the staff.

Each member of a group occupies a certain place or position within it. Positions may be attributed (e. g. man, woman, elderly person, etc. ) or acquired (e. g. trainee, director of a home, vocational trainer, mother, etc. ).

Specific positions are associated with certain role expectations. Example: As a trainee, I am expected to do my homework and participate in training.

 Foreignness : Scoping one another out, uncertainty, getting to know one another. 

Orientation: Initial orientation with regard to individual people and group rules, establishing a sense of belonging and a secure behavioural framework. Relationships are clarified on a provisional basis.

Familiarity : Sense of community and security, rules have become firmly established, collective action. Everyone feels a sense of belonging, mutual acceptance.

Differentiation: Genuine recognition, belonging and security, because all members are accepted for themselves.