Physio Final Exam

Human Body

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This flashcard set covers advanced topics in human physiology, tailored for university-level students. It delves into the intricacies of the cardiovascular system, focusing on blood pressure, heart function, and blood flow dynamics. Additionally, it explores muscle physiology, including skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle mechanics, as well as hormonal regulation and endocrine functions. Medical students and professionals will find this set invaluable for understanding complex physiological processes and preparing for exams.

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Englisch

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Medizin

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Erstellt / Aktualisiert

23.11.2016 / 25.08.2019

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6. Which of the following homrones is released from adipose tissue and serves as a feedback mechanism to signal to the brain that there is increased energy sto.... increased adipose tissue)?

A. Leptin

B. Neuropeptide Y

C. Cholecystokinin

D. Insulin

5. After eating a meal containing a large amount of fat which of the following .... tends to cause a feeling of saticty?

A. Increased release of cholecystokinin

B. Increased levels of neupeptide Y

C. Increased secretion of ghrelin by stomach

D. Decreased secretion of leptin

14. In normal ECG P wave is positive in leads:

A. I, II

B. aVR

C. A and B are true

15. S-T segment is usually isoelectric, but may vary up.....

A. +1 mm in standard leads

B. +2 mm in leads V1 - V3

C. A and B are true

The "all or no" law of nerve fibers states that:

a. the impulse initiated by a strong stimulus is conducted more rapidly than the impulse initiated by weak stimulus

b. the impulse initiated by a strong stimulus is stronger than the impulse initiated by a weaker stimulus

c. the stimulus that just exceeds the threshold for excitation of nerve produces an impulse twice as strong as a stimulus itself

d. all statements are false

tiffenau index is

a. decreased in pulmonary obstructive disease

b. decreased in restrictive diseases

c. a ratio of forced inspiratory volume to vital capacity

d. all before mentioned answers are correct

The stroke volume is influenced by

a. Fluid load

b. Left ventricle contractility

c. Inotropic stimulation

d. All answers are correct

The following heart valve can be auscultated in the second intercostal space of the sternum

a. Mitral valve

b. Tricuspid valve

c. Aortic valve – if its on the right side

d. Pulmonary valve – on the left side

Autoregulation in circulatory system is based upon stabilization of

a. Blood pressure at unchanged vessel resistance

b. Vessel resistance at unchanged blood pressure

c. Blood flow at variable blood pressure

d. Blood flow at constant vessle resistance

Bezold-Jarisch reflex

a. Cause increase in heart rate and enhance constriction of the blood vessels

b. Slows down heart rate and cause relaxation of the blood vessel walls

c. In some circumstances may induce vasovagal collapse

d. Answers b and c are correct

Normal electrocardiographic records shows

a. Positive P wave in aVR

b. Negative T wave and positive P wave in aVR

c. Always negative P and T wave in aVR

d. In some special circumstances P wave can be positive in aVR

49. Knee reflex is:

a. Conditional reaction

b. unconditional reaction

c. elicited to evaluate the function of lumbar part of spinal cord

d. b and c are correct

53. Impairment of knee reflex is most frequently caused by:

a. damage of tendon receptors

b. damage of interneuronal transmission on the level of spinal cord

c. skeletal muscle damage

d. damage of afferent nervous pathway

54. Impairment of knee reflex can be caused by:

a. electrolyte imbalance

b. hypothyroidism

c. hyperthyroidism

50. Babinski reflex is elicited from the elbow. Babinski reflect.... tracts.

a. statement 1 is correct, statement 2 is false

b. both statement are false

c. statement 1 is false, statement 2 is correct (its suppose to tract nerve to the sole)

d. both statements are correct

57. According to monro-kelly rule, the intracranial pressure is determined by:

a. the volume of blood in brain vessels

b. the volume of brain tissue, the volume of cerebrospinal fluid and the volume of blood vessels

c. the volume of blood in brain vessels and volume of cerebrospinal fluid

d. none of the above-mentioned anwers is correct

58. lungs are big vascular area, in which endothelial cells show a strong meta.... Point at correct anwer:

a. aldosterone and cortisol are degraded in vasculature of lungs

b. angiotensin II is formed in lung vasculature

c. endothelial cells of lungs produce prostacycline

d. answer b and c are correct

59. which of the below mentioned functions of alimentary tract is influenced by neurons of the Brain stem:

a. vomitus

b. swallowing and saliva secretion

c. emptying of stomach and saliva secretion

d. all before-mentioned answers are correct

which of the below statements about ergoreceptors is false:

a. ergoreceptors are located in tendons and subcutaneous tissue

b. ergoreceptors stimulate respiratory center in brain stem

c. ergoreceptors play a role in response of circulatory and respiratory system to strenous...

d. ergoreceptors send off enhanced impulsation to brain stem during riding a bike

60. the sudden increase in catecholamines secretion by medulla of adrenal glands:

A stimulation of beta receptor in mucous membrane of bronchi and further bronchial restriction

B stimulation of beta receptor in mucous membrane of bronchi and further bronchial relaxation

C stimulation of beta receptor in mucous membrane of brocnhi and further bronchial relaxation and air flow through bronchial tree

D stimulation of alpha receptor in mucous membrane of bronchi and further bronchial relaxation

Which of the following statements about enterokinase is true:

a. enterokinase is a hormone produced by mucous membrane of oral cavity and participate in degradation of starch

b. enterokinase is an enzyme produced by G cells

c. enterokinase is an enzyme produced by mucous membrane of small intestine, which activate pancreatic enzyme

d. enterokinase stimulates contraction of gallbladder

Lysozyme is produced by secretory cells in small intestine and salivary glands in oral cavity, it contributes to immunological nonspecific defense system and digestion of carbohydrates

a. the former statement is true, the latter statement is false

b. both statement are true

c. the former statement is false, the latter statement is true

d. both statements are false

Electro-mechanical coupling is not related to:

a. generation of effective ventricular stroke volume

b. intestinal peristaltic electrical activity

c. transformation of electrical impulse into mechanical contraction of myocardial muscle

d. none of the before mentioned answers is correct

25. Which of the following statements about sleep is correct?

A. heart rate and respiratory rate are typically normalized

B. individuals rarely awake spontaneously

C. although fast-wave sleep is frequently characteristic of a “dreamless sleep,” most dreaming takes place at this time

D. muscle tone throughout the body is markedly suppressed during this time

26. Albumins:

A. Keep the oncotic pressure

B. take part in the immunity reactions

C. transport ions like Fe, Cu

D. take part in clot formation

34. Type B blood contains:

A. B antigen on its red cell membranes and beta agglutinin in the plasma

B. B antigen in the plasma and beta agglutinin on its red cell membranes

C. B antigen on its red cell membranes and alpha agglutinin in the plasma

D. B antigen in the plama and alpha agglutinin on its red cell membranes

41. Which of the following statements most accurately describes features of neuromuscular transmission?

A. each muscle fiber contains multiple axon terminals

B. the end plate is highly enriched in electrically excitable gates

C. enzymatic degradation of the transmitter can terminate transmission

D. Acetyl choline causes chloride channels to open as a result of membrane depolarization

44. The “stress-response” of the sympathetic system includes all of the following reactions EXCEPT:

A. Bronchial constriction

B. Vasoconstriciton

C. Pupil dilation

D. slowing down the peristaltic movements

E. all of the above reactions are a part of “stress-response”

46. the terminal nerve endings of the parasympathetic system virtually all(or almost all) contain:

A. noradrenaline

B. epinephrine

C. dopamine

D. acetylcholine

E. histamine

47. The massage of the carotid artery can cause:

A. increase of blood pressure

B. tachycardia

C. faint

D. b and c are true

E. none from the above is true

49. What prevents cardiac muscle from undergoing a tetanic contraction?

A. the rate of neural stimulation is limited by the CNS

B. the muscle fatigues so quickly that it must relax fully between contractions

C. the electrical activity is conducted too slowly for tetanus to occur

D. the refractory period of the action potential lasts into the consecutive contraction

50. The end plate potential at the neuromuscular junction is....postsynaptic membrane permeability to:

A. Sodium first, then potassium

B. sodium and potassium simultaneously

C. sodium only

D. potassium only

52. most important factor for an Isometric contraction is:

A. ensuring the muscle does not change in length

53. At which point along the isotonic force-velocity curve is output of the greatest?

A. at the lowest force and highest velocity (Vmax)

B. at the highest force and lowest velocity (Fmax)

C. at a force that is about 1/3 of Fmax

D. at a velocity that is about 2/3 of Vmax

54. Prolonged exposure to conditions of heat causes human thirst, which receptors primarily cause its development?

A. osmoreceptors of the hypothalamus

B. chemoreceptors of the hypothalamus

C. liver osmoreceptors

D. glucoreceptors of the hypothalamus

D. baroreceptors of the aortic arch

gastrin stimulates

A. secretion of bicarbonate in the small intestine

B. gallbladder contraction

C. secretion of HCL in the stomach

D. absorption of fatty acids

Parietal cells of the stomach secretes

A. gastrin

B. cholecystokinin (CCK)

C. secretin

D. hydrochloric acid

An esophageal peristaltic way is stimulated by

A.presence of chyme in the stomache

B.presence of bulbus in the esophagus and swallowing

C.presence of chyme in the small interstine

D.presence of bulbus in the mouth

Chief cells in the stomach secretes:

A. pepsinogen

B. hydrochloric acid

C. trypsinogen

D. Trypsin

3) glucocarticoids secretion stimulated by

a. potatsium and blood concentration

b. sodium and blood conc.

c. ACTH

d. System reonin-angiotensin

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