Kartographie 8
Geo 113 UZH
Geo 113 UZH
Kartei Details
Karten | 7 |
---|---|
Sprache | English |
Kategorie | Geographie |
Stufe | Universität |
Erstellt / Aktualisiert | 12.12.2011 / 25.08.2017 |
Lizenzierung | Kein Urheberrechtsschutz (CC0) |
Weblink |
https://card2brain.ch/box/kartographie_8
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Einbinden |
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purpose of color in mapping
-clarification of main message (e.g. land vs water)
-to highlight information (e.g. deep water vs shallow water)
-to emphasize information (e.g. important features stand out)
-to show variation in data (e.g. changing relief, changing temperatures)
-> color is a strong visual variable, but difficult to control
color
color is a result of the brain operating on received information from the world
3 elements of color perception:
-physical characteristics of a light source
-physical characteristics of surface
-characteristic of human color perseption and sensation
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR): range of human eye: 0.4 - 0.7 micrometers
Measurement of color throug a spectrophotometer (white as standard)
-> measured color reflectance signatures relative to white standard
-color hues (Töne): different signatures ampiltude (shape) -> sharper peaks = purer hue
-color stauration/ value: different signature shapes -> height as an indicator of color luminosity (higher peak = darker blue, sharper and higher peak = higher chroma (saturation)
color models
different types (physical, perceptual) exist for different user group (printing industry, computer screen)
process colors: RGM, CMYK
others: Munsell, CIE, PANTONE ...
- color wheel: visible part of EMR in a circle, useful to find certain properties of color
- substractive (paint) color model (user: painting industry) CMYK
primary colors: cian, magenta, yellow
secondary colors:blue(cyan+mangenta),red(mangenta+yellow),green(yellow+cyan)
black: inK, background white: no color
- Munsel color model is based on CMYK, but specially adapted to human perception to color-> excellent model for mapping
- additive (digital) color model (for TV;CRT; projector industry) RGB-System
primary colors: red, green, blue
secondary colors: yellow(red+green), cyan(green+blue), mangenta(blue+red)
white: red+green+blue black: no light (dark room)
In cube shape, RGB-diamont
- CIE color model (commission international d' eclairage) is based on RGB model and perceptually sound an dpsycho-physically tested
color perception & sensation
perception of color occurs in the eyes (cones: color hue: red, blue, green; rods: brightness/darkness) and in the brain
- interaction effects (center.surround contrasts)
-individual difference in perception
-group difference in perception(color blindness; correction through i.e. daltonisation)
-environmental effects (lightning context causes color shift)
-spatial effects (warm hues advancing and cod hues rereating in the visual field)
-harmony effects (based on properties in color wheel; adjactent (benachbarte) colors: harmonious, calm opposite colors: tension, contrast ; coupling with semantics)
pleasant: pure colors, clear contrasts, background: light or dark, but nor between, objects stand out from background, hues: green to blue without gray, vivid colors combined with grayish colors
unpleasant: yellow or yellowish-green
uga uga uga
uh uh uh uh uh
wimba weha wimba weha
the lion sleeps tonight
in the jungle, the mighty jungle
the lion sleeps tonigh!