TTX – 9/10

Wake vortices, formed any time an aerofoil is producing lift.

Result of the high pressure air (below wing) moving towards the low pressure air which is moving inwards. -> curling effect

Laterally, from the rear of the aircraft.

up to 5 NM / 500-900 ft

- at 5 kts sidewards
- at 500 ft / min / 30 seconds downwards
- move with the wind

Induced roll and yaw.

MTOW (maximum take-off weight)

ICAO:
- L (light), 7'000 kg and less
- M (medium), more than 7'000 kg and less than 136'000 kg
- H (heavy), 136'000 kg and more

Switzerland:
- L (light), 7'000 kg or less
- S (small), more than 7000 kg up to 40'000 kg
- M (medium), more than 40'000 kg and less than 136'000 kg
- H (heavy), 136'000 kg and more

(- super: J in FPL, H as wake turbulence, A380)

Arrival behind Arrival only – same runway

Arrival behind arrival on same runway:

- arriving VFR flights landing on same runway as preceeding heavy or medium aircraft
OR
- arriving IFR flights executing visual approach when aircraft has reported preceeding aircraft in sight and has been instructed to follow and maintain own separation from that aircraft.

- parallel runway less than 760 m away
- crossing runway when flight paths will cross
- arrival if it will cross flight path of departure
- departure if it will cross flight path of arrival
- cautionary message issue for at least 2 min following the passage of larger aircraft