cadastral_systems

• fiscal(finanziel) purpose (18th-19th century): establishing a cadastral system in western Europe for tax-collection, Land = Wealth
   

• legal purpose (19th century): securing land property ownerships, Land = Commodity(Handelsware) + Wealth

• economic/planning purpose (late 20th century): re-establishing cadastres in ”new” East-European countries - one of the first infrastructure measures as basis for viable economy (secure ownership of land property is a guarantee for bank loans and economic prosperity), Land = Scarce Resource (Knappe Güter) + Commodity + Wealth

• multipurpose aspect (late 20th century): evolution of cadastres worldwide in a changing land/humankind relationship, Land = Community(?) + Scarce Resource + Commodity + Wealth

Land administration is the process of documenting and disseminating information about the ownership, use and value of land and its associated resources. It includes cadastral operations, land registers, land consolidation, land valuation and land information systems.

Land management is the process of implementing land policies, by the means of land-use planning, land consolidation, land reallocation, melioration, landscape development and land recycling.

Cadastral Concept:
A cadastre is the core/basis of a land administration system. It is defined as parcel based and up-to-date land information system that contains a record of interests in land (e.g. rights, restrictions and responsibilities). Usually it includes a geometric description of land parcels that are linked to other records, describing the nature of the interests and ownership or control of those interests, and often also the value of the parcel and its improvements.

Registers: Describing nature of interests, ownership, control of interests, value and improvements of parcels

• Do not serve the purposes of land taxation or description of land units, but are intended to describe the deeds and rights of the property. (register of deeds or titles) The land register is public.

Maps: Based on cadastral surveying, geometric description

• Systematic description of the land units within a certain area. The maps identify location and boundaries of land units, together with records: identification number, area of unit, land use, registration date, owners, values or land taxes, etc.  

People, Planet, Profit. This means that developments are sustainable if they serve social (people), economic (profit) and environmental (planet) purposes. (e.g. taking those dimensions into account)

Sustainable development needs sound land administration. (and management) Cadastral data plays a core role in sustainable development. These are some sustainable purposes different aspects of the cadaster serve:

• People: property rights security, land use planning, good governance

• Planet: linking responsibilities to land, land use planning

• Profit: mortgages and loans are secured for banks, land market

Value or capital is not money, however money does represent capital. A banknote does not contain value itself, but documents the representation of value on paper. Land that is informally held and not legally recognized therefore is considered ‘dead capital’.

Undocumented land leads to uncertainty of ownership and decreases the value of the land and property. (banks won’t grant mortgages to unregistered property and people won’t buy land that is not registered, no land market) Solution is standardization and documentation!

• Resource planning and management
• Land-use planning, management of zoning
• Administration of public-rights restrictions

The increasing exploitation of our soils has the consequence that "land" as a resource becomes more and more scarce. The need for multi-purpose cadastres – which not only serve the legal security of land ownership and the land valuation, but more and more also land-use planning and further land management functions. Better and more comprehensive information is needed, which can be better integrated (Ting and Williamson, 1999).

• Resource planning and management
• Land-use planning, management of zoning
• Administration of public-rights restrictions

The increasing exploitation of our soils has the consequence that "land" as a resource becomes more and more scarce. The need for multi-purpose cadastres – which not only serve the legal security of land ownership and the land valuation, but more and more also land- use planning and further land management functions. Better and more comprehensive information is needed, which can be better integrated (Ting and Williamson, 1999).