Homeostasis
General features of homeostasis, how homeostasis is regulated, negative feedback loop, thermoregulation (mechanism of animals), osmoregulation (mechanism of animals), glucose regulation (mechanism of humans)
General features of homeostasis, how homeostasis is regulated, negative feedback loop, thermoregulation (mechanism of animals), osmoregulation (mechanism of animals), glucose regulation (mechanism of humans)
Kartei Details
Karten | 28 |
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Sprache | English |
Kategorie | Biologie |
Stufe | Universität |
Erstellt / Aktualisiert | 09.01.2020 / 13.01.2020 |
Lizenzierung | Keine Angabe |
Weblink |
https://card2brain.ch/box/20200109_homeostasis
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General features of homeostasis (6)
Needs:
Set point (eg temp. of 37 C)
Detector (eg temperatur sensors)
Control centre which decides what to do next
Regulatory mechanisms to carry message from control centre
Effectors or mechanisms to change factor (eg shivering)
Often involves negative feedback loops
Feedback loop (composition (what is it, how it brings features back to set point)
Receptor (observe controlled condtition and detect changes) -> control centre (determines next action) -> effector (receives directions from control centre & produces response to put the condition back to normal)
Nervous system (what does it control? (2), example)
Bodily activities that require quick response, detects changes in external environment and initiates reactions
Body temperature
Endocrine system (hormonal system) (what does it control? (3), example)
Regulation of activites with long duration, control of concentration of nutrients, through regulating the kidney function -> control of internal environment's volume and electrolyte composition
How does fat,fur, hair insulate animals?
Blubber is a layer under the skin which keeps them warmth, as well as fur and hair adaptations (cold area -> more fur/hair, hot area -> less fur/hair)
How does evaporation cools animals (3)?
Primary method to cool down
Sweating = Sweat glands releases water onto the outer surface of the skin and this water then evaporates and cools the skin down
Panting = Release heat through mouth
Bathing = Elefants splashes water over him and cools down
How does shivering increase temperature?
Actin & Myosin interaction and ATP hydrolysis
Muscles bound - not bound - bound ... quick crossbridging of muscles
uses a big amount of energy
Heat generation -> maintains our body temperature
How does brown fat and thermogenesis (heat production in cells) allow thermoregulation?
Brown adipose tissue produces heat by non-shivering thermogenesis
Thermogenine is located in mitochondrial membrane of brown fat cells
It uncouples proton movement from ATP -> Energy change produces heat instead of ATP molecules
Brown fat contains of more capillaries than white fat, these capillaries supply oxygen and nutrients and distribute the heat throghout the body