Principles of management

Private organisation

Public organisation (government owned)

Not-for profit and non-governamental organisation (NGO)

1780 - 1860 = Coal and iron technologies

1860 - 1914 = Steel and electricity technologies

1970 - now = Digital and robotic technologies

Industry 1.0 = Mechanisation and introduction steam and water power

Industry 2.0 = Mass production and assembly lines using electrical power

Industry 3.0 = Automated production computers

Industry 4.0 = Smart Factory, autonomous systems and machine learning

Internet of Thinks,

Smart Sensor,

Advanced Robotics,

Big Data Analytics,

3D Printing,

Augmented Reality,

Cloud Computing,

Local Detection.

People (the workers)

Financial resources (monetary components)

Physical resources (tangible goods, machines, and real estate)

Information/knowledge resources

Planning is setting and attaining goals.

Organizing and staffing obtains humans and

physical resources to get job done.

Leading influences others to achieve organizational objectives. Leaders also execute to accomplish goals.

Controlling defines standards of performance and ensures that performance conforms to plans.

Efficiency: getting the most output from the least amount of input [goal: low waste]. Also referred to as “doing things right”

Effectiveness: completing activities so that organizational goals are attained [goal: highattainment]. Also referred to as “doing the right things”.

Planning:

(1) strategic planner,
(2) operational planner.

 Organizing and staffing:

(3) organizer,

(4) liaison,

(5) staffing coordinator,

(6) resource allocator,

(7) task delegator

Leading:
(8) motivator and coach,
(9) figurehead,
(10) spokesperson,
(11) negotiator,
(12) team builder,
(13) team player,
(14) technical problem solver, 

(15) entrepreneur.

Controlling:
(16) monitoring,
(17) disturbance handler.